This paper is concerned with possible changes in the metropolitan structure and form under conditions of energy-conservation efforts by households and firms. Across-the-board increases in energy prices, combined with the on-going process of employment relocation from the central city to the suburban ring of metropolitan areas, could lead to major, and potentially more energy-conserving spatial reorganizations. By use of a utility analysis of the residential location decision by households, this reorganization is shown to take the form of a multinucleated urban system with a number of strong urban nuclei playing rhe role of employment centers for the suburban residential area surrounding them.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlonsoW, 1965Location and Land Use (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass)
2.
AndersonK P, 1973“Residential energy use: an econometric analysis” report R-1297-NSF, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif
3.
BeckmannM J, 1957“On the distribution of rent and residential density in cities” paper presented at the Inter-departmental Seminar on Mathematical Applications in the Social Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
4.
BerryBCohenY, 1973“Decentralization of commerce and industry: The restructuring of metropolitan America” in The Urbanization of the Suburbs Eds MasottiLHaddenJ (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, Calif.) pp 431–455
5.
DarmstadterJ, 1972“Energy consumption: Trends and patterns” appendix to Energy, Economic Growth, and the Environment Ed. SchurrS H (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore) pp 155–223
6.
EdwardsJSchoferJ, 1975“Relationships between transportation energy consumption and urban structure: results of simulation studies” (mimeo)
7.
EvansA, 1973The Economics of Residential Location (MacMillan, London)
8.
Federal Energy Administration, 1976Monthly Business Review November
9.
Ford Foundation Energy Policy Project, 1974Exploring Energy Choices—A Preliminary Report (The Ford Foundation, Washington, DC)
10.
HaigR M, 1926“Toward an understanding of the metropolis”Quarterly Journal of Economics40179–208 and 402–434
11.
HirstE, 1973Energy Intensiveness of Passenger and Freight Transport Modes, 1950–1970 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.)
12.
Hittman Associates, 1972Residential Energy Consumption: Multi-family Housing (US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC)
13.
HooverE MVernonR, 1959Anatomy of a Metropolis (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass)
14.
HurdR M, 1903Principles of City Land Values (The Record and Guide, New York)
15.
KainJ, 1968“The distribution and movement of jobs and industry” in The Metropolitan Enigma Ed. WilsonJ Q (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass) pp 1–39
16.
KainJ, 1973“Effect of housing market segregation on urban development” in Housing Urban America Eds PynoosJSchaferRHartmanC (Aldine, Chicago) pp 251–266
17.
Los Angeles Department of City Planning, 1967Concepts for Los Angeles (Department of City Planning, Los Angeles)
18.
MeyerJKainJWohlM, 1965The Urban Transportation Problem (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass)
19.
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, 1972Automobile Facts and Figures (Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, Detroit)
20.
MuthR F, 1960“The demand for non-farm housing” in The Demand for Durable Goods Ed. HarbergerA C (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) pp 29–96
21.
MuthR F, 1961“Economic change and rural-urban land conversions”Econometrica291–23
22.
MuthR F, 1969Cities and Housing (University of Chicago Press, Chicago)
23.
National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, 1970Jobs and Housing: Interim Report (National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, New York)
24.
ReidM G, 1962Housing and Income (University of Chicago Press, Chicago)
25.
RomanosM C, 1976Residential Spatial Structure (D C Heath, Lexington, Mass)
SchneiderJ B, 1976“Assessing the role of transit in the implementation of adopted multi-centered city land use plans: a conceptual framework” WP-49, University of Washington, Seattle
28.
SlaytonW L, 1976“Tomorrow's city will look like a collection of small towns”Planning4214–16
29.
United Nations, 1976aUN Statistical Yearbook, 1975 (United Nations, New York)
30.
United Nations, 1976bStatistical Papers, Series J, Number 19. World Energy Supplies, 1950–1974 (United Nations, New York)
31.
United States Bureau of the Census, 1973Census of Population: 1970, Volume 1, Characteristics of the Population (United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC)
32.
United States Bureau of the Census, 1976Statistical Abstract of the US (United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC)
33.
United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1977, various statistics
34.
United States Energy Research and Development Administration, 1976A National Plan for Energy Research, Development and Demonstration: Creating Energy Choices for the Future. Volumes 1 and 2 (United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC)
35.
WingoLJr, 1961Transportation and Urban Land (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore)
