Housing space, social space, and community space are each defined simply and discussed with respect to two concepts: housing space is defined in terms of type and quality for individual housing units; social space is defined in terms of social status and stage in the life cycle for a family unit. Contrasting with these micro-scale definitions are the constructs of community space—family status and social status—which describe census units at the macro-social level. The congruence between housing space and social space for a sample of homes and the families residing within them in Kingston and Winnipeg, Canada, is then determined statistically with the use of multivariate multiple regression procedures. The varying degrees of incongruence for a number of social groups are then analysed subjectively under three defined housing constraints. Finally, the representativeness of the two samples is examined, and directions for further research are outlined.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AndersonT. W., 1958, Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis (John Wiley, New York).
2.
BerryB. J. L., 1965, “Internal structure of the city”, Law and Contemporary Problems, 30, 111–119.
3.
BerryB. J. L., 1971, “Comparative factorial ecology”, Economic Geography, 47 (Supplement, special edition).
4.
BerryB. J. L.ReesP., 1969, “The factorial ecology of Calcutta”, American Journal of Sociology, 74, 445–491.
5.
BlalockH. M., 1960, Social Statistics (McGraw-Hill, New York).
6.
BlishenB. R., 1967, “A socio-economic index for occupations in Canada”, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 4, 41–53.
7.
BrownL. A.MooreE. G., 1971, “The intra-urban migration process: A perspective” in Internal Structure of the City, Ed. BourneL. (Oxford University Press, New York)
8.
BurgessE. W.BogueD., (Eds.), 1964, Contributions to Urban Sociology (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).
9.
ClarkS. D., 1966, The Suburban Society (University of Toronto Press, Toronto).
10.
CooperC., 1971a, “The house of symbol of self”, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Working Paper number 120, University of California, Berkeley.
11.
CooperC., 1971b, “Resident dissatisfaction in multi-family housing”, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, Working Paper number 160.
12.
DuncanO. D.DuncanB., 1957, “Residential distribution and occupational stratification”, in Cities and Society, Eds. HattP. K.ReissA. J. (The Free Press, New York).
13.
EriksonE., 1968, Identity: Youth and Crisis (W. W. Norton, New York).
14.
FeldmanA. S.TillyC., 1960, “The interaction of social and physical spaces”, American Sociological Review, 25, 877–884.
15.
GrigsbyW. G., 1967, “Home finance and housing quality in ageing neighborhoods”, in The Economic Problems of Housing, Ed. NevittA. A. (Macmillan, New York), pp. 105–122.
16.
HallsworthA., 1971, Housing Space, Social Space, and Social Areas in Kingston, Unpublished Masters Thesis, Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
17.
HaynesK. E., 1971, “Spatial change in urban structure: Alternative approaches to ecological dynamics”, Economic Geography, 42 (Supplement), 324–335.
18.
KirklandJ. S., 1969, Housing Filtration in Kingston, 1953–68, Unpublished Masters Thesis, Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
19.
KriegerM. H., 1969, “The life cycle as a basis for social policy and social indicators”, Working Paper number 106, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley.
20.
LansingJ. B.CliftonC. W.MorganJ. N., 1969, “New homes and poor people”, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
21.
LansingJ. B.MoransR. W.ZehnerR. B., 1970, “Planned residential environments”, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
22.
LansingJ. B.MuellerE., 1967, “The geographic mobility of labour”, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
23.
MartinA. E., 1967, “Environment, housing and health”, Urban Studies, 4, 1–21.
24.
MaslowA., 1968, Toward a Psychology of Being (Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ).
25.
McDavidJ. W.HarariH., 1968, Social Psychology (Harper and Row, New York).
26.
MenchikM. D., 1971, “Residential environmental preference and choice: Some preliminary empirical results relevant to urban form”, RSRI Discussion Paper number 46, Philadelphia.
27.
MichelsonW., 1969, “Analytic sampling for design information: A survey of housing experience”, Research Paper number 21, Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto.
28.
MichelsonW., 1970, Man and His Urban Environment: A Sociological Approach (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.).
29.
MichelsonW.ReedP., 1970, “The theoretical status and operational usage of life style in environmental research”, Research Paper number 36, Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto.
30.
MurdieR. A., 1969, “The factorial ecology of metropolitan Toronto, 1951–1961: An essay on the social geography of the city”, Research Paper number 116, Department of Geography, University of Chicago, Chicago.
31.
MuthR. F., 1967, “Slums and poverty”, in The Economic Problems of Housing, Ed. NevittA. A. (Macmillan, New York), pp. 12–26.
32.
NicholsonG. T.YeatesM. H., 1969, “The ecological and spatial structure of the socio-economic characteristics of Winnipeg”, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 6, 162–178.
33.
PorterJ., 1965, The Vertical Mosaic (University of Toronto Press, Toronto).
34.
RainwaterL., 1966, “Fear and the house-as-haven in the lower class”, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 32, 23–31.
35.
ReesP. H., 1970, “The factorial ecology of metropolitan Chicago”, in Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems, Eds. BerryB. J. L.HortonF. W. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
36.
ReesP. H., 1971, “Factorial ecology: An extended definition, survey, and critique of the field”, Economic Geography, 47 (Supplement), 220–233.
37.
RossiP. H., 1955, Why Families Move (The Free Press, New York).
