Nursing Intervention and Treatment of the Acutely Psychotic Patient in the Emergency Department

Ayuso-Gutiérrez, J. L. , & del R1 ó Vega, J. M. (1997). Factors influencing relapse in the long-term course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 28, 199-206.

Battaglia, J. , Moss, S. , Rush, J. , Kang, J. , Mendoza, R. , Leedom, L. , et al. (1997). Haloperidol, lorazepam, or both for psychotic agitation? A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, emergency department study. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15, 335-340.

Casey, D.E. (1995). Motor and mental aspects of extrapyramidal symptoms. International Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10, 105-114.

Droogan, J. , & Bannigan, K. (1997). A review of psychosocial family interventions for schizophrenia. Nursing Times, 93(26), 46-77.

Drury, T. (1999). How to defuse a walking time bomb. Nursing Management, 30(3), 58-61.

Feifel, D. (2000). Rationale and guidelines for the inpatient treatment of acute psychosis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(Suppl. 14), 27-32.

Fenton, W. S. , Blyler, C. R. , & Heinssen, R. K. (1997). Determinants of medication compliance in schizophrenia: Empirical and clinical findings. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23, 637-651.

HCFA overrules JCAHO restraint standard. (2000). Hospital Peer Review, 25, 88-89.

Hicks, R. , & Ovenstone, I. M. (1966). Fluphenazine enanthate in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. British Medical Journal, 2, 1071.

Kinkle, S. L. (1993). Violence in the ED: How to stop it before it starts. The American Journal of Nursing, 93, 22-24.

McEvoy, J. P. , Scheifler, P. L. , & Frances, A. (1999). Treatment of schizophrenia 1999: the expert consensus guideline series. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(Suppl. 11), 3-80.

Mulaik, J. S. (1992). Noncompliance with medication regimens in severely and persistently mentally ill patients. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 13, 219-237.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations . (2002). Restraint and Seclusion: Complying with Joint Commission Standards. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Author.

Van Putten, T. , May, P. R. , & Marder, S. R. (1984). Akathisia with haloperidol and thiothixene. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 1036-1039.