RahnB A.Theoretical considerations in rigid fixation of facial bonesClin Plast Surg19891621–27
2.
FearonJ A.MunroI R.BruceD A.Observations on the use of rigid fixation for craniofacial deformities in infants and young childrenPlast Reconstr Surg199595634–637
3.
FrancelT J.BirelyB C.RingelmanP R.MansonP N.The fate of plates and screws after facial fracture reconstructionPlast Reconstr Surg199290568–573
4.
OrringerJ S.BarcelonaVBuchmanS R.Reasons for removal of rigid internal fixation devices in craniofacial surgeryJ Craniofac Surg1998940–44
5.
YuJ C.BartlettS P.GoldbergD S.An experimental study of the effects of craniofacial growth on the long-term positional stability of microfixationJ Craniofac Surg1996764–68
6.
CordewenerF W.SchmitzJ P.The future of biodegradable osteosynthesesTissue Eng20006413–424
7.
JorgensonD S.CentenoJ A.MayerM H.Biologic response to passive dissolution of titanium craniofacial microplatesBiomaterials199920675–682
8.
JorgensonD S.MayerM H.EllenbogenR G.Detection of titanium in human tissues after craniofacial surgeryPlast Reconstr Surg199799976–979
9.
BealsS P.MunroI R.The use of miniplates in craniomaxillofacial surgeryPlast Reconstr Surg19877933–38
10.
SchmidtB L.PerrottD H.MahanDKearnsGThe removal of plates and screws after Le Fort I osteotomyJ Oral Maxillofac Surg199856184–188
11.
BerryhillW E.RimellF L.NessJMarentetteLHainesS J.Fate of rigid fixation in pediatric craniofacial surgeryOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg1999121269–273
12.
EppleyB L.PlatisJ M.SadoveA M.Experimental effects of bone plating in infancy on craniomaxillofacial skeletal growthCleft Palate Craniofac J199330164–169
13.
LinK Y.BartlettS P.YaremchukM J.An experimental study on the effect of rigid fixation on the developing craniofacial skeletonPlast Reconstr Surg199187229–235
14.
ResnickJ I.KinneyB M.KawamotoH K.JrThe effect of rigid internal fixation on cranial growthAnn Plast Surg199025372–374
15.
WongLRichtsmeierJ T.MansonP N.Craniofacial growth following rigid fixation: suture excision, miniplating, and microplatingJ Craniofac Surg19934234–244
16.
MajnoGThe Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient WorldCambridge, MAHarvard University Press1991
17.
ConnHThe internal fixation of fracturesJ Bone Joint Surg193113261–268
18.
FergusonAHistorical use of metals in the human body In: BechtolC, FergusonALPMetals and Engineering in Bone and Joint SurgeryBaltimore, MDWilliams and Wilkins Company19591–18
RoweNKileyHFractures of the Facial SkeletonLondonE & S Livingstone Limited1955
21.
RushtonNBiomaterials In: KlenermanLEvolution of Orthopedic SurgeryLondonRSM Press200283–89
22.
JonesA R.Sir William Arbuthnot LaneJ Bone Joint Surg Br195234478–482
23.
PeltierLFractures: A History and Iconography of Their TreatmentNovato, CANorman Publishing1990
24.
ShermanWVanadium steel plates and screwsSurg Gynecol Obstet191214629–634
25.
StaigerM P.PietakA M.HuadmaiJDiasGMagnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a reviewBiomaterials2006271728–1734
26.
DorranceGBransfieldJMannJThe History of Treatment of Fractured JawsPhiladelphia, PAPrivately published1941
27.
BigelowHVitallium bone screws and appliances for treatment of fracture of mandibleJ Oral Surg (Chic)19431131
28.
LeventhalG S.Titanium, a metal for surgeryJ Bone Joint Surg Am195133473–474
29.
SnellJDottWThe use of metallic plates in surgery of the facial skeletonPresented at: the 4th International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryRome1967
30.
LuhrH G.[On the stable osteosynthesis in mandibular fractures]Dtsch Zahnarztl Z196823754
31.
LuhrH G.Presented at: Symposium on Methods of Facial Skeletal Fixation December 3, 1983Philadelphia, PA
32.
MunroI R.The Luhr fixation system for the craniofacial skeletonClin Plast Surg19891641–48
33.
SteinemannSMetal for craniomaxillofacial internal fixation implants and its physiologic implications In: GreenbergA, PreinJCraniomaxillofacial Reconstructive and Corrective Bone SurgeryNew York, NYSpringer2006107–112
34.
SteinmannS G.EulenbergerJMausliP A.SchroederABiological and Biomechanical Performance of BiomaterialsAmsterdamElsevier Science1986
35.
BaroneC M.EisigSWallachSMitnickRMednickREffects of rigid fixation device composition on three-dimensional computed axial tomography imaging: direct measurements on a pig modelJ Oral Maxillofac Surg199452737–740
36.
FialaT G.NovellineR A.YaremchukM J.Comparison of CT imaging artifacts from craniomaxillofacial internal fixation devicesPlast Reconstr Surg1993921227–1232
37.
SullivanP K.SmithJ F.RozzelleA A.Cranio-orbital reconstruction: safety and image quality of metallic implants on CT and MRI scanningPlast Reconstr Surg199494589–596
38.
HobarP C.Methods of rigid fixationClin Plast Surg19921931–39
SimpsonJ P.GeretVBrownS A.MerritKImplant retrieval: material and biologic analysisNBS Spec Publ 6011981395–422
41.
GrossP P.GoldLThe compatibility of Vitallium and Austanium in completely buried implants in dogsOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol195710769–780
42.
SargentL A.FulksK D.Reconstruction of internal orbital fractures with Vitallium meshPlast Reconstr Surg19918831–38
43.
SengezerMSadoveR C.Reconstruction of midface bone defects with vitallium micromeshJ Craniofac Surg19923125–133
44.
LalorP A.RevellP A.GrayA B.Sensitivity to titanium: a cause of implant failure?J Bone Joint Surg Br19917325–28
45.
MoranC A.MullickF G.IshakK G.JohnsonF B.HummerW B.Identification of titanium in human tissues: probable role in pathologic processesHum Pathol199122450–454
46.
RedlineSBarnaB P.TomashefskiJ F.JrAbrahamJ L.Granulomatous disease associated with pulmonary deposition of titaniumBr J Ind Med198643652–656
47.
WeingartDSteinemannSSchilliWTitanium deposition in regional lymph nodes after insertion of titanium screw implants in maxillofacial regionInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg199423450–452
48.
MobergL E.NordenramAKjellmanOMetal release from plates used in jaw fracture treatment: a pilot studyInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg198918311–314
49.
RosenbergAGratzK W.SailerH F.Should titanium miniplates be removed after bone healing is complete?Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg199322185–188
50.
MarschallM A.ChidylloS A.FigueroaA A.CohenMLong-term effects of rigid fixation on the growing craniomaxillofacial skeletonJ Craniofac Surg1991263–68
51.
YaremchukM J.FialaT G.BarkerFRaglandRThe effects of rigid fixation on craniofacial growth of rhesus monkeysPlast Reconstr Surg1994931–10
52.
MansonP N.Discussion on the long-term effects of rigid fixation on the growing craniomaxillofacial skeletonJ Craniofac Surg1991269–70
53.
GoldbergD S.BartlettSYuJ C.HunterJ V.WhitakerL A.Critical review of microfixation in pediatric craniofacial surgeryJ Craniofac Surg19956301–307
54.
BellR B.KindsfaterC S.The use of biodegradable plates and screws to stabilize facial fracturesJ Oral Maxillofac Surg20066431–39
55.
BosR R.Treatment of pediatric facial fractures: the case for metallic fixationJ Oral Maxillofac Surg200563382–384
56.
RuddermanR H.MullenR L.Biomechanics of the facial skeletonClin Plast Surg19921911–29
57.
CutrightD E.HunsuckE E.BeasleyJ D.Fracture reduction using a biodegradable material, polylactic acidJ Oral Surg197129393–397
58.
SuuronenRLindqvistCBioresorbable materials for bone fixation: review of biological concepts and mechanical aspects In: GreenbergA, PreinJCraniomaxillofacial Reconstructive and Corrective Bone SurgeryNew York, NYSpringer2006
59.
GerlachK L.EitenmullerJBiomaterials and Clinical ApplicationsAmsterdamElsevier Science1987439–445
60.
EppleyB L.PrevelC D.SadoveA M.SarverDResorbable bone fixation: its potential role in cranio-maxillofacial traumaJ Craniomaxillofac Trauma1996256–60
61.
EdwardsR C.KielyK D.EppleyB L.The fate of resorbable poly-L-lactic/polyglycolic acid (LactoSorb) bone fixation devices in orthognathic surgeryJ Oral Maxillofac Surg20015919–25
62.
EppleyB L.ReillyMDegradation characteristics of PLLA-PGA bone fixation devicesJ Craniofac Surg19978116–120
63.
Hochuli-VieiraECabrini GabrielliM A.Pereira-FilhoV A.GabrielliM F.PadilhaJ G.Rigid internal fixation with titanium versus bioresorbable miniplates in the repair of mandibular fractures in rabbitsInt J Oral Maxillofac Surg200534167–173
64.
QuereshyF A.GoldsteinJ A.GoldbergJ S.BegZThe efficacy of bioresorbable fixation in the repair of mandibular fractures: an animal studyJ Oral Maxillofac Surg2000581263–1269
65.
WiltfangJMertenH A.BeckerH J.LuhrH G.The resorbable miniplate system Lactosorb in a growing cranio-osteoplasty animal modelJ Craniomaxillofac Surg199927207–210
66.
EppleyB L.SadoveA M.A comparison of resorbable and metallic fixation in healing of calvarial bone graftsPlast Reconstr Surg199596316–322
67.
Synthes CMF. Mechanical Test Data for Synthes Resorbable vs. Titanium ImplantsWest Chester, PASynthes CMF2000
68.
GosainA K.SongLCorraoM A.PintarF A.Biomechanical evaluation of titanium, biodegradable plate and screw, and cyanoacrylate glue fixation systems in craniofacial surgeryPlast Reconstr Surg1998101582–591
69.
KasraiLHearnTGurEForrestC R.A biomechanical analysis of the orbitozygomatic complex in human cadavers: examination of load sharing and failure patterns following fixation with titanium and bioresorbable plating systemsJ Craniofac Surg199910237–243
70.
ShettyVCaputoA A.KelsoITorsion-axial force characteristics of SR-PLLA screwsJ Craniomaxillofac Surg19972519–23
71.
ChaconG E.DillardF M.ClellandNRashidRComparison of strains produced by titanium and poly D, L-lactide acid plating systems to in vitro forcesJ Oral Maxillofac Surg200563968–972
72.
EppleyB L.PrevelC D.Nonmetallic fixation in traumatic midfacial fracturesJ Craniofac Surg19978103–109
73.
TormalaPVaseniusJVainionpaaSUltra-high-strength absorbable self-reinforced polyglycolide (SR-PGA) composite rods for internal fixation of bone fractures: in vitro and in vivo studyJ Biomed Mater Res1991251–22
74.
EppleyB L.Resorbable biotechnology for craniomaxillofacial surgeryJ Craniofac Surg1997885–86
75.
KumarA V.StaffenbergD A.PetronioJ A.WoodR J.Bioabsorbable plates and screws in pediatric craniofacial surgery: a review of 22 casesJ Craniofac Surg1997897–99
76.
EdwardsR C.KielyK D.Resorbable fixation of Le Fort I osteotomiesJ Craniofac Surg19989210–214
HaersP E.SailerH F.Biodegradable self-reinforced poly-L/DL-lactide plates and screws in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: short term skeletal stability and material related failuresJ Craniomaxillofac Surg199826363–372
80.
LandesC A.BallonAFive-year experience comparing resorbable to titanium miniplate osteosynthesis in cleft lip and palate orthognathic surgeryCleft Palate Craniofac J20064367–74
81.
ShandJ M.HeggieA A.Use of a resorbable fixation system in orthognathic surgeryBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg200038335–337
LandesC A.BallonARothCMaxillary and mandibular osteosyntheses with PLGA and P(L/DL)LA implants: a 5-year inpatient biocompatibility and degradation experiencePlast Reconstr Surg20061172347–2360
86.
KimY K.KimS G.Treatment of mandible fractures using bioabsorbable platesPlast Reconstr Surg200211025–31
87.
HollierL H.RogersNBerzinEStalSResorbable mesh in the treatment of orbital floor fracturesJ Craniofac Surg200112242–246
88.
TuncerSYavuzerRKandalSReconstruction of traumatic orbital floor fractures with resorbable mesh plateJ Craniofac Surg200718598–605
89.
RuddermanR H.MullenR L.PhillipsJ H.The biophysics of mandibular fractures: an evolution toward understandingPlast Reconstr Surg2008121596–607
90.
TamsJOttenBVan LoonJ P.BosR R.A computer study of fracture mobility and strain on biodegradable plates used for fixation of mandibular fracturesJ Oral Maxillofac Surg199957973–981
91.
YeritK C.HainichSTurhaniDStability of biodegradable implants in treatment of mandibular fracturesPlast Reconstr Surg20051151863–1870
92.
SuzukiTKawamuraHKasaharaTNagasakaHResorbable poly-L-lactide plates and screws for the treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: a clinical and radiologic follow-up studyJ Oral Maxillofac Surg200462919–924
93.
LandesC A.BallonAIndications and limitations in resorbable P(L70/30DL)LA osteosyntheses of displaced mandibular fractures in 4.5-year follow-upPlast Reconstr Surg2006117577–587
94.
SenelF C.TekinU S.ImamogluMTreatment of a mandibular fracture with biodegradable plate in an infant: report of a caseOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2006101448–450
95.
YeritK C.HainichSEnislidisGBiodegradable fixation of mandibular fractures in children: stability and early resultsOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod200510017–24