Music has received enough recent attention from researchers seeking to understand the brain to be called “the food of neuroscience” (R. J. Zatorre & J. McGill, 2005). The dissemination of research on the neuroscience of music, through both popular and academic channels, has the potential to shape the cultural conceptualization of music. This paper considers the impact of neuroscientific approaches to music on the ways that music is practiced and thought about.
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: Author.
2.
AvanziniG., FaienzaC., MinciacchiD., LopezL., & MajnoM. (2003). The neurosciences and music [Special issue]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 999.
3.
AvanziniG., KoelschS., LopezL., & MajnoM. (2005). The neurosciences and music: II. From perception to performance [Special issue]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1060.
4.
BalterM. (2007, January26). Study of music and mind hits a high note in Montreal. Science, 315, 758–759.
5.
BangerterA., & HeathC. (2004). The Mozart effect: Tracking the evolution of a scientific legend. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 605–623.
6.
BermudezP., & ZatorreR. J. (2005). Differences in gray matter between musicians and nonmusicians. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1060, 395–399.
7.
BessonM., & FaïtaF. (1995). An event-related potential (ERP) study of musical expectancy: Comparison of musicians with nonmusicians. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1278–1296.
8.
BloodA. F., ZatorreR. J., BermudezP., & EvansA. C. (1999). Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 382–387.
9.
BloodA. J., & ZatorreR. J. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 11818–11823.
10.
BodenM. (2006). Mind as machine: A history of cognitive science (Vols. 1–2). New York: Oxford University Press.
11.
ChartrandJ.-P., & BelinP. (2006). Superior voice timbre processing in musicians. Neuroscience Letters, 405, 164–167.
12.
CookN. (2000). Music: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
13.
ČrnîcecR., WilsonS. J., & PriorM. (2006). No evidence for Mozart effect in children. Music Perception, 23, 305–317.
14.
DeNoraT. (2000). Music in everyday life. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
15.
EliasmithC. (2003). Moving beyond metaphors: Understanding the mind for what it is. Journal of Philosophy, C10, 493–520.
16.
GaabN., & SchlaugG. (2003). Musicians differ from nonmusicians in brain activation despite performance matching. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 999, 385–388.
17.
GaserC., & SchlaugG. (2003). Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 9240–9245.
18.
GjerdingenR. O. (2002). The psychology of music. In ChristensenT., The Cambridge history of Western music theory (pp. 956–981). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
GreweO., NagelF., KopiezR., & AltenmüllerE. (2005). How does music arouse “chills”? Investigating strong emotions, combining psychological, physiological, and psychoacoustical methods. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1360, 446–449.
23.
JuslinP., & SlobodaJ. (2001). Music and emotion: Theory and research. New York: Oxford University Press.
24.
KoelschS. (2005). Investigating emotion with music: Neuroscientific approaches. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1360, 467–487.
25.
KorsynK. (2003). Decentering music: A critique of contemporary musical research. New York: Oxford University Press.
26.
KuhnT. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27.
LevitinD. J. (2006). This is your brain on music: The science of a human obsession. New York: Dutton.
28.
LotzeM., SchelerG., TanH.-R. M., BraunC., & BirbaumerN. (2003). The musician's brain: Functional imaging of amateurs and professionals during performance and imagery. NeuroImage, 20, 1817–1829.
29.
MacDonaldR. A. R., HargreavesD. J., & MiellD. (2002). Musical identities. New York: Oxford University Press.
McKelvieP., & LowJ. (2002). Listening to Mozart does not improve children's spatial ability: Final curtains for the Mozart effect. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 241–258.
33.
MoscoviciS. (1984). The phenomenon of social representations (RabinovitchS.,). In FarrR. M. & MoscoviciS., Social representations (pp. 3–69). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
SackK. (1998, January15). Georgia's governor seeks musical start for babies. New York Times. A12.
45.
SacksO. (2007). Musicophilia: Tales of music and the brain. New York: Knopf.
46.
SchlaugG. (2001). The brain of musicians: A model for functional and structural adaptation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 281–299.
47.
SchlaugG., JanckeL., HuangJ., StaigerF., & SteinmetzH. (1995, February3). In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science, 267, 699–700.
48.
SeabrookA. (2007, October21). All Things Considered. [Radio broadcast].
TrainorL. J., & SchmidtL. A. (2003). Processing emotions induced by music. In PeretzI. & ZatorreR. J., The cognitive neuroscience of music (pp. 310–324). New York: Oxford University Press.
55.
van ZuijenT., SussmanE., WinklerI., NäätänenR., & TervaniemiM. (2005). Auditory organizations of sound sequences by a temporal or numerical regularity—a mismatch negativity study comparing musicians and nonmusicians. Cognitive Brain Research, 23, 270–276.
56.
VedantamS. (2007, January22). Same old song, but with a different meaning. Washington Post. A8.
57.
WadeN. (2003, September16). We got rhythm, the mystery is how and why. New York Times, C1.
58.
WagnerW., & HayesN. (2005). Everyday discourse and common sense: The theory of social representations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
59.
WeinbergerN. M. (2004, November). Music and the brain. Scientific American, 291, 88–95.
60.
WeisbergD. S., KeilF. C., GoodsteinJ., RawsonE., & GrayJ. R. (in press). The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.
61.
ZatorreR. J. (2003). Music and the brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 999, 4–14.
62.
ZatorreR. J., & McGillJ. (2005, April28). Music, the food of neuroscience?Nature, 434, 312–315.
