1. Bowen JM, Chamley L, Mitchell MD, Keelan JA. Cytokines of the placenta and extra-placental membranes: Biosynthesis, secretion and roles in establishment of pregnancy in women. Placenta2002;23:239-256.
2.
2. Saito S. Cytokine network at the feto-maternal interface. J reprod Immunol2000;47:87-103.
3.
3. Kharfi A, Giguere Y, Sapin V, Masse J, Dastugue B, Forest JC. Trophoblastic remodeling in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies: Implication of cytokines. Clin Biochem2003;36:323-331.
4.
4. Li H, Dakour J, Guilbert LJ, Winkler-Lowen B, Lyall F, Morrish DW. PL74, a novel member of the transforming growth factorbeta superfamily, is overexpressed in preeclampsia and causes apoptosis in trophoblast cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2005;90:3045-3053.
5.
5. Pijnenborg R, McLaughlin PJ, Vercruysse L, et al. Immunolocalization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the placental bed of normotensive and hypertensive human pregnancies. Placenta1998;19:231-239.
6.
6. Conrad KP, Benyo DF. Placental cytokines and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol1997;37:240-249.
8. Pang ZJ, Xing FQ. Comparative study on the expression of cytokine-receptor genes in normal and preeclamptic human placentas using DNA microassays. J Perinat Med2003;31:153-162.
9.
9. Wang Y, Walsh SW. TNF alpha concentrations and mRNA expression are increased in preeclamptic placentas. J Reprod Immunol1996;32:157-169.
10.
10. Conrad KP, Miles TM, Benyo DF. Circulating levels of immunoreactive cytokines in women with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol (Copenhagen)1998;40:102-111.
11.
11. Opsjon SL, Austgulen R, Waage A. Interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor at delivery in preeclampic disorders. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand1995;74:19-26.
12.
12. Caniggia I, Grisaru-Gravnosky S, Kuliszewsky M, Post M, Lye SJ. Inhibition of TGF-beta 3 restores the invasive capability of extravillous trophoblasts in preeclamptic pregnancies. J Clin Invest1999;103:1641-1650.
13.
13. Benian A, Madazli R, Aksu F, Uzun H, Aydin S. Plasma and placental levels of interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-beta1, and epithelial-cadherin in preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol2002;100:327-331.
14.
14. Lyall F, Simpson H, Bulmer JN, Barber A, Robson SC. Transforming grwoth factor-beta expression in human placenta and placental bed in third trimester normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Am J Pathol2001;159:1827-1838.
15.
15. Rein DT, Breidenbach M, Honscheid B, et al. Preeclamptic women are deficient of interleukin-10 as assessed by cytokine release of trophoblast cells in vitro. Cytokine2003;23:119-125.
16.
16. Hennessy A, Pilmore HL, Simmons LA, Painter DM. A deficiency of placental IL-10 in preeclampsia. J Immunol1999;163:3491-3495.
17.
17. Azizieh F, Raghupathy R, Makhseed M. Maternal cytokine production patterns in women with pre-eclampsia. Am J reprod Immunol2005;54:30-37.
18.
18. Jonsson Y, Matthiesen L, Berg G, Ernerudh J, Nieminen K, Ekerfelt C. Indications of an altered immune balance in preeclampsia: A decrease in in vitro secretion of IL-5 and IL-10 from blood mononuclear cells and in blood basophil counts compared with normal pregnancy. J reprod Immunol2005;66:69-84.
19.
19. Saito S, Umekage H, Sakamoto Y, et al. Increased T-helper-1-type immunity and decreased T-helper-2-type immunity in patients with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol1999;41:297-306.
20.
20. Caniggia I, Mostachfi H, Winter J, t al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates the biological effects of oxygen on human trophoblast differentiation through TGFbeta3. J Clin Invest2000;105:577-587.
21.
21. Nishi H, Nakada T, Hokamura M, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transactivates transforming growth factor-beta3 in trophoblast. Endocrinology2004;145:4113-4118.
22.
22. Qian D, Lin HY, Wang HM, et al. Normoxic induction of the hypoxic-inducible factor-1 alpha by interleukin-1 beta involves the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in normal human cytotrophoblast cells. Biol reprod2004;70:1822-1827.
23.
23. Benyo DF, Miles TM, Conrad KP. Hypoxia stimulates cytokine production by villous explants from the human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1997;82:1582-1588.
24.
24. Schaffer L, Scheid A, Spielmann P, et al. Oxygen-regulated expression of TGF-beta3, a growth factor involved in trophoblast differentiation. Placenta2003;24:941-950.
25.
25. Omu AE, Al-Azemi MK, Al-Qattan F, Al-Yatama M. Connection between human leucocyte antigens D region and T helper cytokines in preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet2004;269:79-84.
26.
26. Bowen RS, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Lewis DF, Wang Y. Hypoxia promotes interleukin-6 and -8 but reduces interleukin-10 production by placental trophoblast cells from preeclamptic pregnancies. J Soc Gynecol Investig2005;12:428-432.
27.
27. Orange S, Rasko JE, Thompson JF, et al. Intrleukin-10 regulates arterial pressure in early primate pregnancy. Cytokine2005;29:176-185.
28.
28. de Groot CJ, Jansen MW, Bertina RM, Schonkeren JJ, Helmerhorst FM, Huizinga TW. Interleukin 10-2849AA genotype protects against pre-eclampsia. Genes Immun2004;5:313-314.
29.
29. Rizzo R, Hviid TV, Stignani M, et al. The HLA-G genotype is associated with IL-10 levels in activated PBMC. Immunogenetics2005;57:172-181.
30.
30. Rinehart BK, Terrone DA, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, et al. Expression of the placental cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin 10 is increased in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol1999;181:915-920.