To study the additional effects of lumbar core stability on knee pain, range of motion and function post ACL reconstruction.
Methods
An experimental comparative study was undertaken at a tertiary orthopaedic and rehabilitation centre with a total of 60 patients with ACL reconstruction, randomly allotted into two groups. Both groups were given institutional rehabilitation protocol; and additional lumbar core stability exercise programme was given to experimental group. Intervention period was 4 weeks. Pain on VAS, range of motion (ROM) and function using Modified Lysholm Scoring Scale (MLSS) and Tegner Activity Level (TAL) were the outcome measures.
Results
Between group analyses of MLSS and TAL by Mann Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.038) and statistically non-significant difference (p = 1.00), respectively.
Conclusion
Institutional conventional exercise protocol is effective in reducing pain and improving the ROM post and lumbar core stability exercise programme is effective in improving function, post ACL reconstruction.
ColbyL, KisnerC, DewittJ.The knee. In: KisnerC, ColbyL, editors. Therapeutic exercise foundations and techniques.New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd; 2012. p. 802.
4.
BiggsA, JenkinsWL, UrchSE, Rehabilitation for patients following ACL reconstruction: a knee symmetry model. N Am J Sports Phys Ther2009;4:2–12.
5.
GlassR, WaddellJ, HoogenboomB.The effects of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises on patients with ACL deficient or reconstructed knees: a systematic review. N Am J Sports Phys Ther2010;5:74–84.
6.
KruseLM, GrayB, WrightRW. Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am2012;94:1737–48.
7.
BeynnonBD, UhBS, JohnsonRJ, Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of programs administered over 2 different time intervals. Am J Sports Med2005;33:347–59.
8.
HartiganEH, AxeMJ, Snyder-MacklerL.Time line for noncopers to pass return-to-sports criteria after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2010;40:141–54.
9.
HuxelBliven KC, AndersonBE. Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health2013;5:514–22.
KiblerWB, PressJ, SciasciaA.The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med2006;36:189Y198 (Abstract).
12.
ShiDL, LiJL, ZhaiH, Specialized core stability exercise: a neglected component of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation programs. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil2012;25:291–7.
13.
CochranWG. Sampling techniques. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 1963.
14.
BoonstraAM, SchiphorstPreuper HR, RenemanMF, Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Int J Rehabil Res2008;31:165–9.
15.
CarlssonAM. Assessment of chronic pain. I. Aspects of the reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale. Pain1983;16:87–101.
16.
BedekarN, SuryawanshiM, RairikarS, Inter and intra-rater reliability of mobile device goniometer in measuring lumbar flexion range of motion. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil2014;27:161–6.
RodkeyW, BriggsK, LysholmJ, 25 years later: reliability, validity and responsiveness of patient-administered Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br2010;92:505–6.
19.
SgaglioneNA, Del PizzoW, FoxJM, Critical analysis of knee ligament rating systems. Am J Sports Med1995;23:660–7.
20.
KisnerC, ThorpJ.The spine: exercise and manipulation interventions. In: KisnerC, ColbyL, editors. Therapeutic exercise foundations and techniques.New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd; 2012. p. 516–7.
21.
GilleardWL, BrownJM. An electromyographic validation of an abdominal muscle test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1994;75:1002–7.
22.
HaginsM, AdlerK, CashM, Effects of practice on the ability to perform lumbar stabilization exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther1999;29:546–55.
23.
Hubley-KozeyCL., VezinaMJ. Muscle activation during exercises to improve trunk stability in men with low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil2002;83:1100–8.
24.
ShawT, WilliamsMT, ChipchaseLS. Do early quadriceps exercises affect the outcome of ACL reconstruction? A randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother2005;51:9–17.
25.
DambrosC, MartimbiancoALC, PolachiniLO, Effectiveness of cryotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta Ortopedica Brasileira2012;20:285–90.
