RoemerM.I.1987. Rural health care: A worldwide issue. Pan American Health Organization Bulletin21(3): 326–333.
2.
FarleyO.W.1982. Rural Social Work Practice, New York: The Free Press.
3.
Although more precise definitions would be required for research or planning, the terms “rural” and “remote” in this discussion are used generally, with “rural” indicating areas of low population density, relatively isolated from urban areas, and “remote” indicating more extreme isolation in terms of distance or difficulty of access.
4.
FülöpT. and RoemerM.I.1982. International Development of Health Manpower Policy. World Health Organization Offset Publ. No. 61. Geneva: World Health Organization.
5.
MeltzN.M.1988. The Shortage of Registered Nurses: An Analysis in a Labour Market Context, Toronto: The Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario.
6.
RoemerM.I.1978. Strategies for increasing rural medical manpower in five industrialized countries. Public Health Reports93(2): 142–146.
7.
RoosN.P.GaumontM., and HorneJ.M.1976. The impact of the physician surplus on the distribution of physicians across Canada. Canadian Public PolicyII(2): 169–191.
8.
AndersonM. and RosenbergM.W.1990. Ontario's underserviced area program revisited: An indirect analysis. Social Science and Medicine30(1): 35–44.
9.
SpauldingW.B. and SpitzerW.O.1972. Implications of medical manpower trends in Ontario 1961–1971. Ontario Medical Review39(9): 527–533.
10.
LanierR.A.McConnelC.E., and HedlJ.J.1988. Growth and distribution of selected allied health professional groups, United States, 1970–1980. Journal of Allied Health17(3): 197–209.
11.
MejiaA.HallT.L., and RoystonE.1978. Manpower distribution. In Health Manpower Planning: Principles, Methods, Issues. HallT.L. and MejiaA. (eds.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
12.
BarerM.L. and StoddartG.L.1992. Toward integrated medical resource policies for Canada: 8. Geographic distribution of physicians. Canadian Medical Association Journal147(5): 617–623.
13.
Canadian Medical Association.1992. Report of the Advisory Panel on the Provision of Medical Services in Underserviced Regions, Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association.
14.
Alberta Medical Association.1989. Report of the Task Force on Rural Medical Care, Edmonton: Alberta Medical Association.
15.
KehrerB.H. and WooldridgeJ.1983. An evaluation of criteria to designate urban health manpower shortage areas. Inquiry20: 264–275.
16.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.1981. Report of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee to the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services. Volume III. Geographic Distribution Technical Panel. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, DHHS Publication No. (HRA) 81–653.
17.
PhillipsD.R.1979. Spatial variations in attendance at general practitioner services. Social Science and Medicine13D: 169–181.
18.
JosephA.E. and BantockP.R.1982. Measuring potential physical accessibility to general practitioners in rural areas: A method and case study. Social Science and Medicine16: 85–90.
19.
ThouezJ.M.BodsonP., and JosephA.E.1988. Some methods for measuring the geographic accessibility of medical services in rural regions. Medical Care26(1): 34–44.
20.
MutelC.F. and DonhamK.J.1983. Medical Practice in Rural Communities. New York: Springer-Verlag.
21.
JosephA.E. and PoynerA.1982. Interpreting patterns of public service utilization in rural areas. Economic Geography58: 262–273.
22.
RosenthalM.M. and FrederickD.1984. Physician maldistribution in cross-cultural perspective: United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden. Inquiry21: 60–74.
23.
BellB.FischerD.WaxmanG., and RossM.1992. Recruitment and Retention of Health and Social Service Professionals in Northern Ontario Technical Report, Toronto: Peat Marwick Stevenson & Kellog.
24.
AdayL.U. and AndersenR.1974. A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health Services Research9: 208–220.
25.
McKinlayJ.B.1972. Some approaches and problems in the study of the use of services: An overview. Journal of Health and Social Behavior13: 115–152.
26.
JosephA.E. and CloutierD.S.1990. A framework for modelling the consumption of health services by the rural elderly. Social Science and Medicine30(1): 45–52.
27.
CrawfordC.O.1976. Organization of health services for rural areas. In Rural Health Services: Organization, Delivery and Use. HassingerE.W. and WhitingL.R. (eds.). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
28.
CampbellM.K.ChanceG.W.NataleR.DodmanN.HalindaE., and TurnerL.1991. Is perinatal care in southwestern Ontario regionalized?Canadian Medical Association Journal144(3): 305–312.
29.
RosenblattR.A. and MoscoviceI.S.1982. Rural Health Care, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
30.
ArnotiB.1984. Yukon medicine: The vital role of public health nurses. Canadian Medical Association Journal130: 492–496.
31.
CharbonneauL.1982. Telehealth: Making health care truly accessible in the North. The Canadian Nurse Oct: 18–23.
32.
HigginsC.A.ConrathD.W., and DunnE.V.1984. Provider acceptance of telemedicine systems in remote areas of Ontario. Journal of Family Practice18(2): 285–289.
33.
BassM. and CopemanW.J.1975. An Ontario solution to medically underserviced areas: Evaluation of an ongoing program. Canadian Medical Association Journal113: 403–407.
34.
KvizF.J. and FlaskerudJ.H.1984. An evaluation of the index of medical underservice. Medical Care22(10): 877–889.
35.
HorneJ.M.1987. Searching for shortage: A population-based analysis of medical care utilization in “underdoctored” and “undoctored” communities in rural Manitoba. In Proceedings of the Third Canadian Conference on Health Economics. HorneJ.M. (ed.). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba.
36.
BeggsC.1988. The Ontario Northern Outreach Program in physical therapy. Physiotherapy Canada40(2): 80–85.
37.
DaltonD.R. and TodorW.D.1979. Turnover turned over: An expanded and positive perspective. Academy of Management Review4(2): 225–235.
38.
StewartM.A. and BassM.J.1982. Recruiting and retaining physicians in Northern Canada. Canadian Family Physician28: 1313–1318.
39.
PatersonD.C.1987. Persuading doctors to practise in nonurban areas (letter). Canadian Medical Association Journal137: 275–276.
40.
GoldsmithS.B.1982. Rural health personnel: Management issues in availability, recruitment, and hospital relationships. Journal of Ambulatory Health Care Management5(4): 49–63.
41.
FearnR.1987. Rural health care: A British success or a tale of unmet need?Social Science and Medicine24(3): 263–274.
42.
World Health Organization.1989. Management of Human Resources for Health: Report of a WHO Expert Committee, Geneva: World Health Organization, Technical Report Series 783.
43.
BryantJ.H.1983. Health for all: A challenge to health manpower development research. The nature of the challenge. In Health For All: A Challenge to Research in Health Manpower Development, XVIth CIOMS Round Table Conference. BankowskiZ. and BryantJ.H. (eds.). Geneva: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences.
44.
BirchS. and EylesJ.1991. Needs-based Planning of Health Care: A Critical Appraisal of the Literature, CHEPA Working Paper Series: 91–5, Hamilton: Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University.
45.
CaswellS.1986. Physiotherapy in the community. Development of rehab services on a Canadian Indian reserve. Physiotherapy Canada38(6): 372.
46.
GuyS.1987. Outport medicine: Here, a GP is more than a doctor. Canadian Medical Association Journal137: 1049–1050.
47.
TownsendE.A.AndersonS.C., and JennerS.1988. Developing rural health services: An occupational case therapy case study. Canadian Journal of Public Health79: 92–96.
48.
RourkeJ.1987. Rural medicine in Ontario … recognizing a need. Ontario Medical Review July: 14–15.
49.
HaffertyF.W. and GoldbergH.I.1986. Educational strategies for targeted retention of non-physician health care providers. Health Services Research21(1): 107–125.
50.
PhilipsB.U.MahanJ.M., and KroshelF.T.1978. Migration of allied health care personnel in and out of an underserviced area: A question of roots. Journal of Allied Health7: 288–293.
51.
Ontario Ministry of Health.1988. Health Manpower in Ontario: An Inventory of Selected Health Occupations, Toronto: Health Manpower Planning Group, Ontario Ministry of Health.
52.
TollanA. and MagnusG.H.1993. Do the physicians educated in Tromsø stay in Northern Norway?Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen113: 27–29.
53.
BibleB.L.1970. Physicians' views of medical practice in nonmetropolitan communities. Public Health Reports85(1): 11–17.
54.
CarterR.G.1987. The relation between personal characteristics of physicians and practice location in Manitoba. Canadian Medical Association Journal136: 366–368.
55.
LeonardsonG.LapierreR., and HollingsworthD.1985. Factors predictive of physician location. Journal of Medical Education60(1): 37–43.
56.
RabinowitzH.K.1988. Evaluation of a selective medical school admissions policy to increase the number of family physicians in rural and under-served areas. New England Journal of Medicine319: 480–486.
57.
KnopkeH.J.NorthrupR.S., and HartmanJ.A.1986. BioPrep: A premedical program for rural high school students. Journal of the American Medical Association256(18): 2548–2551.
Tejada-De-RiveroD.1978. Introduction. In Health Manpower Planning: Principles, Methods, Issues. HallT.L. and MejiaA. (eds.). Geneva: World Health Organization.