This article discusses the extent of resource allocation to Occupational Health (OH) to prevent infectious disease exposure and transmission in British Columbia (B.C.). It also characterizes the delineation of roles and responsibilities within OH services in B.C. health care settings and highlights areas where improvements to current OH programs could be made to prevent and control occupational infections. Given the breadth of OH responsibilities, resource allocation in many health care institutions for these services is inadequate and roles and responsibilities may not be clearly delineated.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Health Canada.Canada's aging population. Health Canada, Division of Aging and Seniors; 2002.
2.
HartKA. The aging workforce: Implications for health care organizations. Nursing Economics2007; 25(2): 101–102.
3.
LoweGS. High-quality healthcare workplaces: A vision and action plan. Hospital Quarterly2002; 5(4): 49–56.
4.
ShamianJEl-JardaliF. Healthy workplaces for health workers in Canada: Knowledge transfer and uptake in policy and practice. Healthcare Papers2007; 7: 6–25.
5.
LundstromTPuglieseGBartelyJCoxJGuitherC. Organizational and environmental factors that affect worker health and safety and patient outcomes. American Journal of Infection Control2002; 30(2): 93–106.
6.
WildeJAMcMillanJASerwintJButtaJO'RiordanMASteinhoffMC. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in health care professionals: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association1999; 281(10): 908–13.
7.
SaxenHVirtanenM. Randomized, placebo-controlled double blind study on the efficacy of influenza immunization on absenteeism of health care workers. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal1999; 18(9): 779–83.
8.
YassiAPawsonDLearyTSikorskiJParentDGilbertM. Trends in workplace injuries, illness, and policies in healthcare across Canada: Workers' compensation patterns and policy changes in healthcare organizations. Report for Health Canada; 2004.
9.
RantanenJ. Occupational health services: An overview. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe; 1990.
10.
YassiAGidottiTL. Occupational health services for hospital workers: Who does it best?Healthcare Management FORUM1990; 3(3): 20–2.
11.
MenziesDFanningAYuanLFitzgeraldM. Hospital ventilation and risk for tuberculous infection in Canadian health care workers. Annals of Internal Medicine2003; 133(10): 779–789.
12.
SchwartzmanKLooVPasztorJMenziesD. Tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in Montreal. American Journal of Critical Care Medicine1996; 154: 1006–12.
13.
VariaMWilsonSSarwalSMcGeerAGournisEGalanisE. Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal2003; 169(4): 285–292.
14.
ChenNHWangPCHsiehMJHuangCCKaoKCChenYH. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome care on the general health status of healthcare workers in Taiwan. Infectection Control and Hospital Epidemiology2007; 28(1): 75–9.
15.
KohD. Emerging infections among health care workers: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) experience. GOHNET Newsletter No. 8 — Health Care Workers. World Health Organization: The Global Occupational Health Network [on-line]; 2005.
16.
Minor breach, major problem: Toronto medical workers find SARS ‘unforgiving’: CDC sends team of investigators to Canada. Hospital Infection Control2003; 30(6): 73–77.
17.
Ofner-AgostiniMGravelDMcDonaldLCLemMSarwalSMcGeerA. Cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome among Toronto healthcare workers after implementation of infection control precautions: A case series. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology2006: 27(5): 473–8.
18.
MaunderRHunterJVincentLBennettJPeladeauNLeszczM. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Canadian Medical Association Journal2003; 168(10): 1245–51.
19.
MooreDGamageBBryceECopesRYassiA. Protecting health care workers from SARS and other respiratory pathogens: Organizational and individual factors that affect adherence to infection control guidelines. American Journal of Infection Control2005; 33(2): 88–96.
20.
LederbergJShopeREOaksSCJr., editors. Emerging infections: Microbial threats to health in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1992.
21.
MorseSS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases1995; 1: 7–15.
22.
SmolinskiMSHamburgMALederbergJ, editors. Microbial threats to health: Emergence, detection, and response. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2003.
23.
Public Health Agency of Canada.Prevention and control of occupational infections in health care. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency, Health Canada; 2002.
24.
Provincial Infection Control Network BC.PICNet website, About us. [Accessed September 8, 2008]. Available from: http://www.picnetbc.ca
25.
DiekemaDJDoebbelingBN. Employee health and infection control. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology1995; 16(5): 292–301.
26.
BakaAFuscoFPuroVVetterNSkinhojPOttK. A curriculum for training healthcare workers in the management of highly infectious diseases. Euro Surveillance2007; 12(6): E5734734–6.
27.
OrfordRR, editor. Organization and operation of a medical center occupational health service. Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine2001; 1(2): 217–236.
28.
EbaughH. Defining the scope of occupational health services. Effective policy and procedure development. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal1998; 46(11): 547–52; quiz 553–4.
29.
SebazcoS. Occupational health. In: CarricoR, editor. APIC text of infection control and epidemiology (pp. 26–2). Washington, DC: Association of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc; 2005.
30.
RiethLK. The occupational health service. Staffing, facilities, and equipment. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal2000; 48(8): 395–403; quiz 404–5.
31.
BeltramiEMPanlilioAL. Occupational exposure. In: CarricoR, ed. APIC Text of Infection Control and Epidemiology. Washington DC; Association of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc; 2005: 26–16.
32.
BolyardEATablanOCWilliamsWWPearsonMLShapiroCNDeitchmanSD. Guideline for infection control in health care personnel. American Journal of Infection Control1998; 26(3): 289–327.
33.
World Health Organization.Occupational health: A manual for primary health care workers. Cairo, Egypt: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean; 2001.