Abstract
Adhesion mechanisms mediated by cytokines have been recognized to play a crucial role in ischaemia–reperfusion mechanisms. Although this phenomenon has been well investigated in organ transplantation, little data is available from upper extremity surgery. Profiles of adhesion molecules (CD11/CD18), key cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1), CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were investigated following controlled tourniquet ischaemia of the upper extremity for elective hand surgery. Data suggest that relatively short periods of ischaemia activate a mediator cascade and cell–cell interactions that may be associated with adverse pathopyhsiological effects on peripheral tissues after prolonged ischaemia.
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