Neurotransmitters for the Canine Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

Abstract

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle plays an important role at the pharyngeal phase of deglutition and is anatomically composed of the thyropharyngeal muscle and cricopharyngeal muscle. In this study we investigated the distribution pattern of neuropeptidergic and catecholaminergic nerve fibers in the thyropharyngeal muscle and cricopharyngeal muscle of seven puppies by immunohistochemistry. Some of the calcitonin gene-related peptide–, substance P–, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–, and tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive nerve fibers were found to lie parallel to the muscle fibers in both the thyropharyngeal muscle and cricopharyngeal muscle. Nerve fibers with immunoreactivity to all substances examined were found to be associated with blood vessels in both the thyropharyngeal muscle and cricopharyngeal muscle, and the number of calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and tyrosine hydroxylase nerve fibers was higher than the number of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and galanin nerve fibers. Motor end plate-like structures with calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity were found in both the thyropharyngeal muscle and cricopharyngeal muscle. These structures in the cricopharyngeal muscle were clearly less than those in the thyropharyngeal muscle. Some clusters of neurons were detected only in the cricopharyngeal muscle of all dogs examined. Substance P–, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–, galanin–, and neuropeptide Y–immunoreactive neurons were found in this ganglion, and the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–immunoreactive neurons were the most abundant. Abundant calcitonin gene-related peptide– and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–immunoreactive nerve fibers, and some substance P– and galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed in the ganglion. A few neuropeptide Y– and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers were also found in the ganglion. These findings suggest the complex participation of neuropeptides in the innervation of the inferior constrictor muscle.