Cervicothoracic Chordoma Presenting as Progressive Dyspnea and Dysphagia

1. Volpe R Mazabraund A. A clinicopathologic review of 25 cases of chordoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1983;7:161–70.

2. Chambers PW Schwinn CP. Chordoma: a clinicopathologic study of metastasis. Am J Clin Pathol 1979;72:765–76.

3. Congdon CC. Benign and malignant chordomas: a clinicoanatomical study of twenty-two cases. Am J Pathol 1952;28:793–821.

4. Dahlin DC MacCarty CS. Chordoma: a study of fifty-nine cases. Cancer 1952;5:1170–8.

5. Higinbotham NL Phillips RF Farr HW Hustu HO. Chordoma: thirty-five year study at Memorial Hospital. Cancer 1967;20:1841–50.

6. Sundaresan N Galicich JH Florence CHC Huvos AG. Spinal chordomas. J Neurosurg 1979;50:312–9.

7. Utne JR Pugh DG. The roentgenologic aspects of chordoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1955;74:593–608.

8. Heaton JM Turner DR. Reflections on notochordal differentiation arising from a study of chordoma. Histopathology 1985;9:410–20.

9. Batsakis JG Kittleson AC. Chordomas: otolaryngologic presentation and diagnosis. Arch Otolaryngol 1963;78:168–75.

10. Campbell WM McDonald TJ Unni KK Laws ER. Nasal and paranasal presentations of chordomas. Laryngoscope 1980;90:612–8.

11. Virchow R. Untersuchgen uber die Entwickelung des Schadelgrundes im gesunden und krankhaften Zustande und uber den Einfluss der selben auf Schadelform, Gesichtsbildung und Gehirnbau. Berlin: G Reimer; 1857. p. 128.

12. Sundaresan N Marcove RC. Spinal chordomas. In: Wilkins RH Rengachary SS , editors. Neurosurgery. New York: McGraw Hill; 1985. p. 1069–76.

13. Weber Al Liebsch NJ Sanchez R Sweriduk ST Jr. Chordomas of the skull base: radiologic and clinical evaluation. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 1994;4:515–27.

14. Schamschula RG Soo M. Y. Clival chordomas. Australas Radiol 1993;37:259–64.

15. Arbit E Patterson RH. Combined transoral and median labiomandibular glossotomy approach to the upper cervical spine. Neurosurgery 1981;8:672–4.

16. Kraus DH Huo J Burt M. Surgical access to tumors of the cervicothoracic junction. Head Neck 1995;17:131–6.

17. Kaiser TE Pritchard DJ Unni KK. Clinicopathologic study of sacral chordoma. Cancer 1984;54:2574–8.

18. Keisch ME Delia MG Shibuya RB. Retrospective long-term follow-up analysis in 21 patients with chordomas of various sites treated at a single institution. J Neurosurg 1991;75:374–7.