Chapter I introduction

U.N. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Gen. Assemb. Off. Rec. 19th Sess. Suppl. No. 14 (A/5814), U.N., New York (1964)

Brill A. B. Tomonaga M. Heysel R. M. , Leukaemia in man following exposure to ionizing radiation. Ann. Intern. Med. 56, 590 (1962)

Brown W. M. Court Doll R. , Leukaemia and aplastic anaemia in patients irradiated for ankylosing spondylitis. Spec. Rep. Ser. Med. Res. Counc. No. 295 (1957)

Brown W. M. Court Doll R. , The study of delayed radiation effects among individual spondylitics. Report to ICRP, Munich (1959)

Stewart A. Webb J. Hewitt D. , A survey of childhood malignancies. Br. Med. J. 1, 1495 (1958)

Macmahon B. , Pre-natal X-ray exposure and childhood cancer. J. Natn. Cancer Inst. 28, 1173 (1962)

Harada T. Ishida M. , Neoplasms among A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima: first report of the research committee on tumour statistics, Hiroshima City Medical Association, Hiroshima, Japan. J. Natn. Cancer Inst. 25, 1253 (1961)

Beebe G. W. Ishida M. Jablon S. , Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors: 1. Plan of study and mortality in the medical subsample (selection 1), 1950–58. Radiat. Res. 16, 253 (1962)

Harada T. Ide M. Ishida M. Troup G. M. , Malignant neoplasms in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Tech. Rep. 22–63, Hiroshima (1963)

Zeldis L. J. Jablon S. Ishida M. , Carcinogenesis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Tech. Rep. 16–63, Hiroshima (1963)

Jablon S. Ishida M. Yamasaki M. Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors: Description of the sample and mortality, 1950–1960. Radiat. Res. 25, 25 (1965)

Brown W. M. Court Doll R. , Mortality from cancer and other causes after radiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis. Br. Med. J. 2, 1327 (1965)

Conti E. A. Patton G. D. Conti J. E. Hempelmann L. H. , Present health of children given X-ray treatment to the anterior mediastinum in infancy. Radiology 74, 386 (1960)

Latourette H. B. Hodges F. J. , Incidence of neoplasia after irradiation of thymic region. Am. J. Roentgenol. 82, 667 (1959)

Saenger E. L. Silverman F. N. Sterling T. D. Turner M. E. , Neoplasia following therapeutic irradiation for benign conditions in childhood. Radiology 74, 889 (1960)

Pifer J. W. Toyooka E. T. Murray R. W. Ames W. R. Hempelmann L. H. , Neoplasms in children treated with X-rays for thymic enlargement. I. Neoplasms and mortality. J. Natn. Cancer Inst. 31, 1333 (1963)

Beach S. A. Dolphin G. W. , A study of the relationship between X-ray dose delivered to the thyroids of children and the subsequent development of malignant tumours. Physics Med. Biol. 6, 583 (1962)

Pochin E. E. , Radiation exposure from the use of radioiodine in thyroid disease. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 57, 564 (1964)

Delawter D. S. Winship T. , Follow-up study of adults treated with roentgen rays for thyroid disease. Cancer 16, 1028 (1963)

Hanford J. M. Quimby E. H. Frantz K. V. , Cancer arising many years after radiation therapy. J. Am. Med. Ass. 181, 404 (1962)

Socolow E. L. Hashizome A. Neriishi S. Niitani R. , Thyroid carcinoma in man after exposure to ionizing radiation: a summary of the findings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. New Engl. J. Med. 268, 406 (1963)

Campbell H. Doll R. Letchner J. , The incidence of thyroid cancer in England and Wales. Br. Med. J. 2, 1370 (1963)

Hasterlik R. J. Finkel A. J. Miller C. E. , The late effects of radium deposition in man. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, 87th Congress, 2nd Session on Radiation Standards, Including Fallout, Part 2, p. 943. U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (1962)

Hasterlik R. J. Finkel A. J. Miller C. E. , Cancer hazards of industrial and accidental exposure to radioactive isotopes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 114, 832 (1964)

Lucas H. Rowland R. E. Miller C. E. Holtzman R. B. Hasterlik R. J. Finkel A. J. , An unusual case of radium toxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 90, 1042 (1963)

Mackenzie A. Brown W. M. Court Doll R. Sissons H. A. , Mortality from primary tumours of bone in England and Wales. Br. Med. J. 1, 1782 (1961)

Price C. H. G. , The incidence of osteogenic sarcoma in south-west England and its relationship to Paget's Disease of bone. J. Bone Jnt. Surg. 44b, 366 (1962)

University of Utah, Research in radiobiology. University of Utah Rep. COO-119-231 (1964)

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United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report to General Assembly, New York, (1962)

Russell L. B. Badgett S. K. Saylors C. L. , Comparison of the effects of acute, continuous and fractionated irradiation during embryonic development. Immediate and Low Level Effects of Ionizing Radiations, (Suppl. Int. J. Rad. Biol.) p. 343 (1960)

Hicks S. P. , Mechanism of radiation anencephaly, anophthalmia and pituitary anomalies. Archs Path. 57, 363 (1954)

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Russell L. B. , Effects of low doses of X-rays on embryonic development in the mouse. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 95, 174 (1957)

Kriegel H. , Experiments on the induction of malformations by irradiation. Abstr. IInd Int. Congr. Radiat. Res. 159 (1962)

Beaumont H. M. , Changes in the radiosensitivity of the testis during foetal development. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2, 247 (1960)

Mandl A. M. Beaumont H. M. , The differential radiosensitivity of oogonia and oocytes at different development stages. Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Reproductive System, (Edited by Carlson W. D. Gassner F. X. ) p. 311. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1964)

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Lejeune J. Turpin R. Rethore M.-O. Mayer M. , Résultats d'une première enquête sur les effets somatiques de l'irradiation foetoembryonnaire in utero (cas particulier des hetérochromies iriennes). Rev. Franc. Etudes Clin. Biol. 5, 982 (1960)

Lejeune J. Turpin R. Rethore M.-O. Mayer M. , Results quoted by United Nations Scientific Committee (1962)

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ICRP Publication 6. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1964)

Brown W. M. Court Doll R. , Expectation of life and mortality from cancer among British radiologists. Br. Med. J. 2, 181 (1958)

Warren S. , Longevity and causes of death from irradiation in physicians. J. Am. Med. Ass. 162, 464 (1956)

Seltser R. Sartwell P. E. , The influence of occupational exposure to radiation on the mortality of American radiologists and other medical specialists. Am. J. Epidemiol. 81, 2 (1965)

Hollingsworth J. W. Hamilton H. B. Beebe G. W. Yamasaki M. , Blood group antibody levels in Hiroshima. Blood 17, 462 (1961)

Hollingsworth J. W. Beebe G. W. Ishida M. Brill A. B. , Medical findings and methodology of studies by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission on atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Use of Vital and Health Statistics for Genetic and Radiation Studies U.N. (Doc. A/AC.82/Seminar) p. 77. New York (1962)

Hollingsworth J. W. Ishii G. Conard R. A. , Skin ageing and hair graying in Hiroshima. Geriatrics 16, 27 (1961)

Muller H. J. , Our load of mutations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2, 111 (1950)

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Stevenson A. C. Dudgeon M. Y. McClure H. I. , Observations on the results of pregnancies in women resident in Belfast. II. Abortions, hydatidiform moles and ectopic pregnancies. Ann. Hum. Genet. 23, 395 (1959)

Warburton D. Fraser F. C. , Spontaneous abortion risks in man: Data from reproductive histories collected in a medical genetics unit. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 16, 26 (1964)

Wilson D. C. Harris G. H. , Congenital abnormalities of the uterus and associated malformations. J. Obstet. Gynaec. Br. Commonw. 68, 841 (1961)

Carr D. H. , Chromosome studies in spontaneous abortions. Obstet. Gynec., N.Y. 26, 308 (1965)

Slatis H. M. Reis R. H. Hoene R. E. , Consanguineous marriages in the Chicago area. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 10, 446 (1958)

Marçallo F. A. Freire-Maia N. Azevedo J. B. C. Simões I. A. , Inbreeding effect on mortality and morbidity in South Brazilian populations. Ann. Hum. Genet. 27, 203 (1964)

Böök J. A. , Genetical investigations in a north Swedish population. The offspring of first cousin marriages. Ann. Hum. Genet. 21, 191 (1957)

Newcombe H. B. , Genetic effects in populations. With special reference to studies in man including ABCC results. Radiat. Res. 16, 531 (1962)

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Medical Research Council, Hazards to Man of Nuclear and Allied Radiations. HMSO, London (1956)

Muller H. J. , Further studies bearing on the Load of Mutations in Man. Acta Genet. (Basel) 6, 157 (1956)

Haldane J. B. S. , The effect of variation on fitness. Am. Nat. 71, 337 (1937)

Danforth C. H. , (1910) Quoted by Muller.⁽¹⁾.

Haldane J. B. S. , The rate of spontaneous mutation of a human gene. J. Genet. 31, 317 (1935)

Crow J. F. , Possible consequences of an increased mutation rate. Eugen. Quart. 4, 67 (1957)

Levit S. G. , (1934) Quoted by Muller.⁽¹⁾.

Levit S. G. , The problem of dominance in man. J. Genet. 33, 411 (1936)

Muller H. J. , Radiation and heredity. Am. J. Pub. Hlth 54, 42 (1964)

Morton N. E. Crow J. F. Muller H. J. , An estimate of the mutational damage in man from data on consanguineous marriages. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 42, 855 (1956)

Crow J. F. , Some possibilities for measuring selection intensities in man. Hum. Biol. 30, 1 (1958)

Crow J. F. , Mutation and selection balance as factors influencing population fitness. In Molecular Genetic and Human Disease, p. 204. C. C. Thomas, Springfield (1960)

Levine H. , Inbred genetic loads and the determination of population structure. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 50, 587 (1963)

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Russell L. B. , Chromosomal aberrations in experimental animals. In Progr. Med. Genet. 2, 230 (1962)

Bateman A. J. , Mutagenic sensitivity of maturing germ cells in the male mouse. Heredity 12, 213 (1958)

Bateman A. J. , The partition of dominant lethals in the mouse between unimplanted eggs and deciduomata. Heredity 12, 467 (1958)

Lyon M. F. Phillips R. J. S. Searle A. G. , The overall rates of dominant and recessive lethals and visible mutation induced by spermatogonial X-irradiation of mice. Genet. Res. 5, 488 (1964)

Lüning K. G. Sheridan W. , Dominant effects on productivity in offspring to irradiated mouse populations. Genetics 50, 1043 (1964)

Phillips R. J. S. Searle A. G. , The effect of dose-rate on the yield of translocations and dominant lethals following spermatogonial irradiation of mice. Genet. Res. 5, 468 (1964)

Russell L. B. Russell W. L. , Genetic effects of radiation in the female mouse. Proc. Xth Int. Congr. Genet. 2, 245 (1958)

Russell L. B. Russell W. L. , The sensitivity of different stages in oogenesis to the radiation induction of dominant lethals and other changes in the mouse. In Progr. Radiobiol. 187 (1956)

Russell L. B. Wickham L. , Incidence of disturbed fertility among male mice, conceived at various intervals after irradiation of the mother. Genetics 42, 392 (1957)

Griffen A. B. , Occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in pre-spermatocytic cells of irradiated male mice. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 56, Suppl. 1, 113 (1958)

Griffen A. B. , Occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in pre-spermatocytic cells of irradiated male mice: Cytological studies of sterile and semi-sterile F₁ individuals. In Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Reproductive System (Edited by Carlson W. D. Gassner F. X. ), p. 175. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1964)

Searle A. G. , Genetic effects of spermatogonial X-irradiation on productivity of F₁ female mice. Mutation Res. 1, 99 (1964)

Russell L. B. Saylors C. L. , The relative sensitivity of various germ cell stages of the mouse to radiation induced non-disjunction, chromosome losses and deficiencies. In Repair from Genetic Radiation (Edited by Sobels F. H. ), p. 313. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1963)

Cattanach B. M. , Autosomal trisomy in the mouse. Cytogenetics 3, 159 (1964)

Russell W. L. Russell L. B. Gower J. S. , Exceptional inheritance of a sex linked gene in the mouse explained on the basis that the X/O sex chromosome constitution is female. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 45, 554 (1959)

Russell L. B. Chu E. H. Y. , An XXY male in the mouse. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 47, 571 (1961)

Traut H. , The dose dependence of X chromosome loss and non-disjunction induced by X-rays in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. Mutation Res. 1, 157 (1964)

Carter T. C. , A pilot experiment with mice using Haldane's method for detecting induced autosomal recessive lethals. J. Genet. 56, 353 (1959)

Haldane J. B. S. , The detection of autosomal lethals in mice induced by mutagenic agents. J. Genet. 54, 327 (1956)

Sugahara T. , Genetic effects of chronic irradiation given through three successive generations in mice. Genetics 50, 1143 (1964)

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Stern C. , Radiation and population genetics. In Radiation Biology and Medicine (Edited by Claus W. D. ) p. 206. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. (1958)

Russell W. L. , Shortening of life span in the offspring of male mice exposed to neutron exposure from an atomic bomb. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 43, 324 (1957)

Spalding J. F. , Longevity of first and second generation offspring from male mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays. In Effects of Ionizing Radiations on the Reproductive System (Edited by Carlson W. D. Gassner F. X. ). Pergamon Press, Oxford (1964)

Chapman A. B. Hansen J. C. Havenstein C. B. Norton N. E. , Genetic effects of cumulative irradiation on pre-natal and early postnatal, survival in the rat. Genetics 50, 1209 (1964)

Green E. L. Les E. P. , Persistence of population of mice exposed to sub-sterilizing doses of spermatogonial X-irradiation. Genetics 50, 497 (1964)

Green E. L. Roderick T. H. Schlager G. , Embryonic mortality in mouse populations after eleven generations of spermatogonial irradiation. Genetics 50, 115 (1964)

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Gowen J. W. Stadler J. , Lifespans of mice as affected by continuing irradiation from Cobalt-60 accumulated ancestrally and under direct irradiation. Genetics 50, 115 (1964)

Spalding J. F. Brooks M. McWilliams P. C. , Observations on lifespan, radio-resistance and productivity in offspring from 5 to 25 generations of X-irradiated male mice. Genetics 50, 1179 (1964)

Newcombe H. B. McGregor J. F. , Learning ability and physical well-being in offspring from rat populations irradiated over many generations. Genetics 50, 1065 (1964)

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Henricson B. Knudsen O. Nilsson A. , The effect of radiostrontium on the mouse testes. Acta Radiol. 58, 52 (1962)

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