Radium

Bruenger F. W. Lloyd R. D. (1989) The influence of age at time of exposure to Ra-226 or Pu-239 on distribution, retention, postinjection survival and bone tumor induction in beagle dogs. In: Thirty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society, Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Meeting, June 25–29, 1989, Albuquerque Convention Center, Albuquerque, NM, Vol. 56 (Suppl. 1), 27. Pergamon Press, New York.

Bruenger F. W. Smith J. M. Atherton D. R. Jee W. S. S. Lloyd R. D. Stevens W. (1983) Skeletal retention and distribution of Ra-226 and Pu-239 in beagles injected at ages ranging from 2 days to 5 years. Health Phys. 44, 513–527.

Campbell J. E. Robajdek E. S. Anthony D. S. (1956) The metabolism of ²²⁷Ac and its daughters ²²⁷Th and ²²³Ra by rats. Radiat. Res. 4, 294–302.

Della Rosa R. J. Goldman M. Wolf H. G. (1967) Uptake and Retention of Orally Administered Ra-226 and Ba-133. A Preliminary Report . University of California at Davis, 472–114, 40–41.

Hamilton J. G. (1948) The metabolic properties of the fission products and actinide elements. Rev. Mod. Phys. 20, 718–728.

Harley J. H. Jelter E. Nelson N. (1958) Elimination of Radon from the Body. USAEC Report HASL-32.

Harrison G. E. Carr T. E. F. Sutton A. (1967) Distribution of radioactive calcium, strontium, barium and radium following intravenous injection into a healthy man. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 13, 235–247.

ICRP (1973) Alkaline Earth Metabolism in Adult Man, ICRP Publication 20. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

ICRP (1979) Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Part 1, ICRP Publication 30. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

ICRP (1980) Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Part 2, ICRP Publication 30. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

ICRP (1989) Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 1, ICRP Publication 56. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Jee W. S. S. (1964) A critical survey of the analysis of microscopic distribution of some bone seeking radionuclides and assessment of absorbed dose. In: Assessment of Radioactivity in Man, Vol. II, pp. 369–393. IAEA, Vienna.

Keane A. T. Schlenker R. A. (1987) Long-term loss of radium in 63 subjects exposed at ages 6 to 46. In: Age-related Factors in Radionuclide Metabolism and Dosimetry ( Gerber G. B. Métivier H. Smith H. , Eds), pp. 127–135. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.

Leggett R. W. (1992) A generic biokinetic age-specific model for calcium-like elements. Paper presented at the Workshop on “Age-dependent Factors in the Biokinetics and Dosimetry of Radionuclides”, Schloß Elmau, Germany, 5–8 November 1991. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 41, 183–198.

Lloyd R. D. Bruenger F. W. (1991) Rn: Ra ratios in bone of beagles injected with ²²⁶Ra. Health Phys. 60, 567–568.

Lloyd R. D. Mays C. W. Atherton D. R. (1976a) Distribution of injected Ra-226 and Sr-90 in the beagle skeleton. Health Phys. 30, 183–189.

Lloyd R. D. Mays C. W. Atherton D. R. Taylor G. N. Van Dilla M. A. (1976b) Retention and skeletal dosimetry of injected Ra-226, Ra-228, and Sr-90 in beagles. Radiat. Res. 66, 274–287.

Lloyd R. D. Mays C. W. Taylor G. N. Atherton D. R. Bruenger F. W. Jones C. W. (1982) Radium-224 retention, distribution, and dosimetry in beagles. Radiat. Res. 92, 280–295.

Lloyd R. D. Bruenger F. W. Jones C. W. Taylor G. N. Mays C. W. (1983a) Radium retention in mature beagles injected at 5 years of age. Radiat. Res. 94, 210–216.

Lloyd R. D. Bruenger F. W. Mays C. W. Jones C. W. (1983b) Skeletal radon-to-radium ratios in neonatal, juvenile and mature beagles and in adult St. Bernards. Health Phys. 44, 61–63.

Lloyd R. D. Jones C. W. Bruenger F. W. Atherton D. R. Mays C. W. (1983c) Radium retention and dosimetry in juvenile beagles. Radiat. Res. 94, 295–304.

Lloyd R. D. Taylor G. N. Jones C. W. Mays C. W. (1983d) Radium retention and dosimetry in the St. Bernard. Radiat. Res. 95, 150–157.

Lloyd R. D. Mays C. W. Jones C. W. Atherton D. R. Bruenger F. W. Shabestari L. R. Wrenn M. E. (1984) Retention and dosimetry of injected Am-241 beagles. Radiat. Res. 110, 564–575.

Maletskos C. J. Keane A. T. Trelles N. C. Evans R. D. (1966) The metabolism of intravenously administered radium and thorium in human beings and the relative absorption from the human gastrointestinal tract of radium and thorium in simulated radium dial paints. Annual Report MIT-952-3, Radioactivity Center, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 202–317.

Maletskos C. J. Keane A. T. Trelles N. C. Evans R. D. (1969) Retention and absorption of Ra-224 and Th-234 and some dosimetric considerations of Ra-224 in human beings. In: Delayed Effects of Bone-seeking Radionuclides ( Mays C. W. Jee W. S. S. Lloyd R. D. Stover B. J. Dougherty J. H. Taylor G. N. , Eds), pp. 29–49. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT.

Mays C. W. Haldin R. Van Dilla M. A. (1958) Thoron exhalation in radiothorium-burdened beagles. Radiat. Res. 9, 438–444.

Mays C. W. Christensen W. R. Lloyd R. D. Atherton D. R. Parmley W. W. Pitchford G. S. (1962) Radium studies in a man soon after injection. In: Research in Radiobiology. University of Utah, COO-226, 71–77.

Mays C. W. Lloyd R. D. Christensen W. R. Atherton D. R. Pitchford G. S. (1963) Radium metabolism in a man. Radiat. Res. 19, 210 (abstract).

Mays C. W. Lloyd R. D. Van Dilla M. A. (1975) Fractional radon retention in bone. Health Phys. 29, 761–765.

Miller C. E. Finkel A. J. (1965) A reexamination of retention patterns in patients who received radium by multiple injections 33 years earlier. In: Health Division Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Group Annual Report, July 1964 through June 1965. Argonne National Laboratory, ANL-7217, 5–90.

Muth H. Glöbel B. (1983) Age dependent concentration of Ra-226 in human bone and some transfer factors from diet to human tissues. Health Phys. 44, 113–121.

NEA/OECD (1988) Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health. Expert Group on Gut Transfer Factors. NEA/OECD Report, Paris.

Newton D. Brown D. A. (1974) The long-term retention of systemic protactinium-231 and actinium-227. Health Phys. 27, 459–467.

Newton D. Rundo J. Sandalls F. J. (1968) A case of internal contamination with ²³¹Pa and ²²⁷Ac via a puncture wound. In: Diagnosis and Treatment of Deposited Radionuclides ( Kornberg H. A. Norwood W. D. , Eds), pp. 521–533. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam.

Norris W. P. Speckman T. W. Gustafson P. F. (1955) Studies on metabolism of radium in man. Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Ther. Nucl. Med. 73, 785–802.

Parks N. J. Keane A. T. (1983) Consideration of age-dependent radium retention in people on the basis of the beagle model. Health Phys. 44, 103–112.

Parks N. J. Pool R. R. Williams J. R. Wolf H. G. (1978) Age and dosage-level dependence of radium retention in beagles. Radiat. Res. 75, 617–632.

Schales F. (1964) The excretion of thorium X and its daughter products after intravenous injection in man. In: Assessment of Radioactivity in Man, Vol. II, pp. 267–276. IAEA, Vienna.

Schlenker R. A. Keane A. T. Holtzman R. B. (1982) The retention of Ra-226 in human soft tissue and bone; implications for the ICRP 20 alkaline earth model. Health Phys. 42, 671–693.

Schlundt H. Nerancy J. T. Morris J. P. (1933) The detection and estimation of radium in living persons. IV. The retention of soluble radium salts administered intravenously. Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Ther. 30, 515–522.

Seil H. A. Viol C. H. Gordon M. A. (1915) The elimination of soluble radium salts taken intravenously and per os. Radium 5, 40–44 (also see ICRP Publication 23, Report of the Task Group on Reference Man, 1975, p. 405).

Singh N. P. Wrenn M. E. Ibrahim S. A. (1983) Plutonium concentration in human tissues: Comparison to thorium. Health Phys. 44, Suppl. 1, 469–476.

Stather J. W. (1990) The behaviour, effects and radiation dosimetry of radium in man. In: IAEA Technical Reports Series, No. 310, Vol. 2, pp. 297–343. IAEA, Vienna.

Stehney A. F. Lucas H. F. (1956) Studies on the radium content of humans arising from the natural radium of their environment. Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy (Proc. Int. Conf. Geneva, 1955), Vol. 11, p. 49. United Nations, New York.

Stover B. J. Atherton D. R. Keller N. Buster D. S. (1960) Metabolism of the Th-228 decay series in adult beagle dogs. Radiat. Res. 12, 657–671.

Taylor D. M. (1970) The metabolism of actinium in the rat. Health Phys. 19, 411–418.

Taylor D. M. Bligh P. H. Duggan M. H. (1962) The absorption of calcium, strontium, barium, and radium from the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. Biochem. J. 83, 25–29.

Van Dilla M. A. Stover B. J. (1956) On the role of radiothorium (Th-228) in radium poisoning. Radiology 66, 400–441.