ArlettC. F.ColeJ.GreenM. H. L. (1989). Radiosensitive individuals in the population. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 240–252. (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds), Taylor and Francis, London.
2.
BarabanovaA.OsanovD. P. (1990). The dependence of skin lesions on the depth-dose distribution from beta-irradiation of people in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 57, 775–792.
3.
BarcinskiM. A.AbreuC. A.De AlmeidaJ. C. C.NayaL.FonsecaG.CastroL. (1975). Cytogenetic investigation in a Brazilian population living in an area of high natural radioactivity. Am. J. Hum Genet27, 802–806.
4.
BaverstockK. F.CharltonD. E., (eds) (1988). DNA Damage by Auger Emitters. Report of a Workshop on July 17, 1987. Taylor and Francis, London.
5.
BeerJ. Z.BudzickaE.NiepokojczyckaE. (1983). Loss of tumorigenicity with simultaneous changes in radiosensitivity and photosensitivity during the in vitro growth of L5178Y murine lymphoma cells. Cancer Res. 43, 4736–4742.
6.
BeralV.InskipH.FraserP.BoothM.ColemanD.RoseG. (1985). Mortality of employees of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1946–1979. Brit. Med. J. 291, 440–447.
7.
BeralV.FraserP.CarpenterL.BoothM.BrownA.RoseG. (1988). Mortality of employees of the Atomic Weapons Establishment, 1951–1982. Brit. Med. J. 297, 757–770.
8.
BishopJ. M. (1987). The molecular genetics of cancer. Science, 235, 305–311.
9.
BithelJ. F.StillerC. A. (1988). A new calculation of the carcinogenic risk of obstetric x raying. Statistics in Medicine7, 857–864.
10.
BlackD. (1984). Investigation of the Possible Increased Incidence of Cancer in Western Cumbria. Report by HMSO, London.
11.
BoiceJ. D.Jr.MonsonR. R. (1977). Breast cancer in women after repeated fluoroscopic examinations of the chest. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 59, 823–882.
12.
BoiceJ. D.Jr.PrestonD.DavisF. G.MonsonR. R. (1990). Frequent chest x-ray fluoroscopy and breast cancer incidence among tuberculosis patients in Massachusetts. Radiat. Res. (in press).
13.
BoiceJ. D.Jr.LandC. E.ShoreR. E.NormanR. E.TokunagaM. (1979). Risk of breast cancer following low dose radiation exposure. Radiology131, 589–597.
14.
BoiceJ. D.Jr.BlettnerM.KleinermanR. A.StovallM. (1987). Radiation dose and leukemia risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 79, 1295–1311.
15.
BoiceJ. D.EngholmG.KleinermanR. A. (1988). Second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. Radiat. Res. 116, 3–55.
16.
BondV. P.MeinholdC. B.RossiH. H. (1978). Low dose RBE and Q for X-ray compared to gamma ray radiations. Health Phys. 34, 433–438.
17.
BroerseJ. J. (1989). Influence of physical factors in radiation carcinogenesis in experimental animals. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 181–194 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
18.
CaldwellC. G.KelleyD.ZackM.FalkH.HeathC. W.Jr. (1983). Mortality and cancer frequency among military nuclear test (Smoky) participants. JAMA250, 620–624.
19.
CarnesB. A.GrahnD.ThomsonJ. F. (1989). Dose-response modelling of lifeshortening in a retrospective analysis of the combined data from the Janus Program at Argonne National Laboratory. Radiat. Res. 119, 39–56.
20.
ChadwickK. H.BarnhartB.SeymourC. (1989). Cell Transformation Systems and Radiation Induced Cancer in Man. Adam Hilger, Bristol.
21.
ChanG. L.LittleJ. B. (1986). Neoplastic transformation in vitro. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis, pp. 108–136 (UptonA. C.AlbertR. E.BurnsF. E.ShoreR. E., eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
22.
CharlesM. W.HopewellJ. W.WellsJ.CoggleJ. E. (1989). Recent trends in radiobiology of skin and repercussions for dose limitation and personal dosimetry. Radiation Protection Theory and Practice, pp. 419–424. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium of the Society for Radiological Protection, Malvern 1989. Institute of Physics, Bristol.
23.
CharltonD. E. (1988). Calculation of single and double strand DNA breakage from incorporated 125I. In: DNA Damage by Auger Emitters, pp. 89–100 (BaverstockK. F.ChartonD. E., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
24.
Cook-MozaffariP. J.DarbyS. C.DollR. (1989a). Geographical variation in mortality from leukaemia and other cancers in England and Wales in proximity to nuclear installations, 1969–1978. Brit. J. Cancer59, 476–485.
25.
Cook-MozaffariP. J.DarbyS. C.DollR. (1989b). Cancer near potential sites of nuclear installations. Lancetii (Nov 11), 1145–1147.
26.
CoxF. (1982). A Cellular Description of the Repair Defect in Ataxia Telangiectasia, pp. 141–153 (BridgesB. A.HarndenD. G., eds). John Wiley, Chichester.
27.
CrowJ. F.DennistonC. (1985). Mutation in human populations. Advances in Human Genetics (HarrisH.HirschhornK., eds). Plenum Press, New York.
28.
CzeizelA.SankaranarayananK. (1984). The load of genetic and partially genetic disorders in man. I. Congenital anomalies: Estimates of detriment in terms of years of life lost and years of impaired life. Mutation Res. 128, 73–103.
29.
CzeizelA.SankaranarayananK.LosonciA.RudasT.KeresztesM. (1988). The load of genetic and partially genetic diseases in man. II. Some selected common multifactorial diseases: Estimates of population prevalence and of detriment in terms of years of lost and impaired life. Mutation Res. 196, 259–292.
30.
DarbyS. C.NakashimaE.KatoH. (1985). A parallel analysis of cancer mortality among atomic bomb survivors and patients with ankylosing spondylitis given X ray therapy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 75, 1–21.
31.
DarbyS. C.DollR.GillS. K. (1987). Long term mortality after a single treatment course with x-rays in patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis. Brit. J. Cancer55, 179–190.
32.
DarbyS. C.KendallG. M.FellT. P.O'HaganJ. A.MuirheadC. R.EnnisJ. R.BallA. M.DennisJ. A.DollR. (1988). A summary of mortality and incidence of cancer in men from the United Kingdom who participated in the United Kingdom's atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and experimental programmes. Brit. Med. J. 296, 332–338.
33.
DavisF. G.BoiceJ. D.Jr.HrubecZ.MonsonR. R. (1989). Cancer mortality in radiation exposed cohort of Massachusetts fluoroscopy patients. Cancer Res. 49, 6130–6136.
34.
DebenhamP.WebbM.JonesN.MassonW.CoxR. (1987). Molecular studies on the nature of the repair defect in ataxia telangiectasia and their implications for cellular radiobiology. J. Cell Sci. (Suppl. 6), 1977–1983.
35.
EdwardsA. A.LloydD. C.ProsserJ. S. (1989). Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes—a radiobiological review. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 423–432 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
36.
ElkindM. M.SuttonH. (1960). Radiation response of mammalian cells grown in culture. I. Repair of x ray damage in surviving Chinese hamster cells. Radiat. Res. 13, 556–593.
37.
EPA (1986). Radon Reduction Methods: A Homeowner's Guide. US EPA Report, EPA-86–005, US Environmantal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
38.
EvansH. H.RicanatiM.HorngM. (1987). Deficiency in DNA repair in mouse lymphoma strain L5178Y-S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.84, 7562–7566.
39.
FormanD.Cook-MozaffariP.DarbyS. C.StrattonI.DollR.PikeM. (1987). Cancer near nuclear installations. Nature329, 499–505.
40.
French Academy of Sciences (1990). Risks of Ionizing Radiation and Radiation Protection Standards. Académie des Sciences, Paris.
41.
FribergE. C.HanawaltP. C., (eds) (1988). Mechanisms and Consequences of DNA Damage Processing. A. R. Liss, New York.
42.
FrigerioN. A.StoweR. S. (1976). Carcinogenic and genetic hazard from background radiation. In: Biological and Environmental Effects of Low-Level Radiation, pp. 385–393. IAEA, Vienna.
43.
FryR. J. M.StorerJ. B. (1987). External radiation carcinogenesis. Adv. Radiat. Biol. 13, 31–89.
44.
FujitaS.KatoH.SchullW. J. (1990). The LD50 Associated with Exposure to the Atomic Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: A Review and Reassessment. RERF-TR 17–87. (Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima). Also in J. Rad. Res. Tokyo 30, 359–381 (1989).
45.
GardnerM. J.SneeM. P.HallA. J.PowellC. A.DownesS.TerrillJ. D. (1990). Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria. Brit. Med. J. 300, 423–429 and 429–434.
46.
GilbertE. S.MarksS. (1979). An analysis of the mortality of workers in a nuclear facility. Radiat. Res. 79, 122–148.
47.
GilbertE. S.PetersenG. R.BuchananJ. A. (1989a). Mortality of workers at the Hanford site: 19451981. Health Phys. 56, 11–25.
48.
GilbertE. S.FryS. A.WiggsL. D.VoelzG. L.CragleD. L.PetersenG. R. (1989b). Analyses of the combined mortality data on workers at Hanford Site, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant. Radiat. Res. 120, 19–35.
49.
GilmanE. A.KnealeG. W.KnoxE. G.StewartA. M. (1989). Recent estimates of the risk of childhood cancer following irradiation of the fetus. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Assessment, pp. 334–339 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
50.
GlickmanB. W.DrobertskyE. A.BoerJ.GrosovskyA. J. (1987). Ionizing radiation induced point mutations in mammalian cells. In: Proc. 8th Int. Cong. of Rad. Res. Edinburgh, Vol. 2, pp. 562–567 (FieldenE. M., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
51.
Gopal-AyengarA. R.SunderamK.MistryK. B.SuntaC. M.NambiK. S. V.KathuriaS. P.BasuA. S.DavidM. (1971). Evaluation of the long term effects of high background on selected population groups on the Kerala coast. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 31–51.
52.
GuskovaA. K.BaysogolovG. D. (1971). Radiation sickness in man, Meditsina Moscow. English translation, AEC-tr-7401, U.S.A.E.C, NTIS, Springfield Va. 1973 pp. 1–560.
53.
GuskovaA. K.BaranovA. E. (1989). Haematological effects in a population irradiated at the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station. Haematol. Rev. 3, 9–21.
54.
HallE. J. (1988). Radiobiology for the Radiologist, 3rd Edition. Harper and Row, Hagerstown, MD.
55.
HallE. J.BedfordJ. S. (1964). Dose rate. Its effect on the survival of HeLa cells irradiated with gamma rays. Radiat. Res. 22, 305–314.
56.
HallE. J.HeiT. K. (1985). Oncogene transformation with radiation and chemicals. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 48, 1–18.
57.
HanA.ElkindM. M. (1982). Enhanced transformation of mouse 10T 1/2 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate following exposure to x rays or to fission neutrons. Cancer Res. 42, 477–483.
58.
HanA.HillC. K.ElkindM. M. (1980). Repair of cell killing and neoplastic transformation at reduced dose rates of 60Co gamma rays. Cancer Res. 40, 3328–3382.
HarveyE. B.BoiceJ. D.Jr.HoneymanM.FlanneryS. T. (1985). Prenatal x ray exposure and childhood cancer in twins. New Engl. J. Med. 312, 541–545.
61.
HeiT. K.HallE. J.OsnakR. (1984). Asbestos, radiation and oncogenic transformation. Brit. J. Cancer50, 717–720.
62.
HewittH. B.WilsonC. W. (1959). A survival curve for mammalian cells irradiated in vivo. Nature183, 1060–1061.
63.
HildrethN. G.ShoreR. E.DvoretskyP. M. (1989). The risk of breast cancer after irradiation of the thymus in infancy. New Engl. J. Med. 321, 1281–1284.
64.
HillC. K.HanA.ElkindM. M. (1984). Fission spectrum neutrons at a low dose rate enhance neoplastic transformation in the linear low dose region (0–10 cGy). Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 46, 11–15.
65.
HolmL. E.WiklundK. E.LundellG. E. (1988). Thyroid cancer after diagnostic doses of iodine-131. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80, 1132–1137.
66.
HopewellJ. W.CoggleJ. E.WellsJ.HamletR.WilliamsJ. P.CharlesM. W. (1986). The acute effects of different energy beta-emitters on pig and mouse skin. Brit. J. Radiol. Suppl. 19, Radiation Damage to Skin, pp. 47–51.
67.
HornungR. W.MeinhardtT. J. (1987). Quantitative risk assessment of lung cancer in US uranium miners. Health Phys. 52, 417–430.
68.
HoweG. R. (1984). Epidemiology of radiogenic breast cancer. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance, pp. 119–130 (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. R.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
69.
HoweG. R.NairR. C.NewcombeH. B. (1986). Lung cancer mortality (1950–1980) in relation to radon daughter exposure in a cohort of workers at the Eldorado Beaverlodge uranium mine. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 72(2), 357–362.
70.
HrubecZ.BoiceJ. D.Jr.MonsonR. R.RosensteinM. (1989). Breast cancer after multiple chest fluoroscopies. Second follow-up of Massachusetts women with tuberculosis. Cancer Res. 49, 229–234.
71.
HubnerK. F.FryS. A., (eds) (1980). The Medical Basis of Radiation Accident Preparedness. Elsevier, North Holland, New York.
72.
HumphreysE. R. (1989). Is dose-response relationship a valid concept for the induction of leukemia by bone seeking alpha emitting radionuclides? In Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 207–215 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
73.
IARC-WHO (1988). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Humans. Man made mineral fibres and radon: Vol. 43. IARC-WHO Lyon (ISBN 92,832,1243,6).
74.
ICRP-ICRU (1963). Report of the RBE Committee of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and on Radiological Units and Measurements. Health Phys. 9, 357–384.
75.
ICRP (1977). Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 26. Annals of the ICRP1(3), Pergamon Press, Oxford.
76.
ICRP (1978). Statement from the 1978 Stockholm Meeting of the ICRP. In: Annals of the ICRP2(1). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
77.
ICRP (1984a). Nonstochastic Effects of Ionizing Radiation, ICRP Publication 41. Annals of the ICRP14(3). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
78.
ICRP (1984b). Quantitative Bases for Developing a Unified Index of Harm, ICRP Publication 45. Annals of the ICRP15(3). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
79.
ICRP (1986). Developmental Effects of Irradiation on the Brain of the Embryo and Fetus, ICRP Publication 49. Annals of the ICRP16(4). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
80.
ICRP (1987). Lung Cancer Risk from Indoor Exposures to Radon Daughters, ICRP Publication 50. Annals of the ICRP17(1). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
81.
ICRP (1989). RBE for Deterministic Effects, ICRP Publication 58. Annals of the ICRP20(4). Pergamon Press, Oxford.
82.
ICRP (in preparation). Biological Basis of Dose Limitations in the Skin. To be published in Annals of the ICRP as ICRP Publication 59. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
83.
ICRU (1983). Microdosimetry. ICRU Report 36. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
84.
ICRU (1986). The Quality Factor in Radiation Protection, ICRU Report 40. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
85.
JablonS. (1987). Do atomic veterans have excess cancer? New results for correcting for the healthy soldier bias. Am. J. Epidemiol. (Letters)126, 1214–1215.
86.
JamesA. C.StrongG. C.CliffK. D.StrandenE. (1988). The significance of equilibrium and attachment in radon daughter dosimetry. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 24, 451–455.
87.
JanowskiM.CoxR.StraussP. G. (1990). The molecular biology of radiation-induced carcinogenesis, thymic lymphoma, myeloid leukaemia and osteosarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 57, 677–691.
88.
KassisA. I.HavellR. W.SastryK. S. R.AdelsteinS. J. (1988). Positional effects of Auger decays in mammalian cells in culture. In: DNA Damage by Auger Emitters, pp. 1–13 (BaverstockK. F.CharltonD. E., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
89.
KempL. M.SedgwickS. G.JeggoP. A. (1984). X-ray sensitive mutants of CHO cells defective in double strand break rejoining. Mutation Res. 132, 189–196.
90.
KinlenL. (1988). Evidence for an infective cause of childhood leukaemia: comparison of a Scottish new town with nuclear reprocessing sites in Britain. Lancetii, 1323–1327.
KnealeG. W.StewartA. M. (1980). Pre-conception X rays and Childhood Cancers. Brit. J. Cancer41, 222–226.
93.
KnudsenA. G. (1986). Genetics of human cancer. Ann. Rev. Genet. 20, 231–251.
94.
Kumar, SukumarS.BarbacidM. (1990). Activation of ras oncogenes preceding the onset of neoplasia. Science248, 1101–1104.
95.
LandC. E. (1991). Projection of risk from one population to another. In: Risk Estimates for Radiation Carcinogenesis (RenzK., ed.). Proceedings of an International Workshop, Munstereifel, Institut für Strahlenschutz, Koln, Germany.
96.
LandC. E.BoiceJ. D.Jr.ShoreR. E.NormanJ. E.TokunagaM. (1980). Breast cancer risk from low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation: Results of parallel analysis of three exposed populations of women. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 65, 353–376.
97.
LandC. E.SinclairW. K. (1991). The relative contribution of the different organ sites to the total cancer mortality associated with low dose radiation exposure. To be published in Annals of the ICRP.
98.
LinieckiJ. (1989). Mortality risk coefficients for radiation induced cancer at high doses and dose rates and extrapolation to the low dose domain. Polish J. Occup. Med. 2, 132–146 (in English).
99.
LittleJ. B.O'TooleW. F. (1974). Respiratory tract tumours in hamsters induced by benzo (a) pyrene and 210Po alpha radiation. Cancer Res. 34, 3026–3039.
100.
LittleJ. B.GrossmanB. N.O'TooleW. F. (1970). Induction of bronchial cancer in hamster by polonium-210 alpha radiation. Radiat. Res. 43, 261–262.
101.
LittleJ. B. (1989). The relevance of cell transformation to carcinogenesis in vivo. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 396–413 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
102.
LyonT. L.KlauberM. R.GardnerJ. W.UdallK. S. (1979). Childhood leukaemias associated with fallout from nuclear testing. New Engl. J. Med. 300, 397–402.
103.
MachadoS. G.LandC. E.McKayF. W. (1987). Cancer mortality and radioactive fallout in south-western Utah. Am. J. Epidemiol. 125, 44–61.
104.
MacMahonB. (1962). Prenatal x ray exposure and childhood cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 28, 1173–1191.
105.
MacMahonB. (1989). Some recent issues in low exposure radiation epidemiology. Environ. Health Perspect. 131–135.
106.
MancusoT. F.StewartA.KnealeG. (1977). Radiation exposures of Hanford workers dying from cancer and other causes. Health Phys. 33, 369–385.
107.
MayneordW. V.ClarkeR. H. (1973). Carcinogenesis and Radiation Risk. A biomathematical reconnaissance. Brit. J. Radiol., Suppl. No. 12. British Institute of Radiology, London.
108.
MaysC. W.SpeissH. (1984). Bone sarcomas in patients given radium-224. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance, pp. 241–252 (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. R.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
109.
McCulloughE. A.TillJ. E. (1962). The sensitivity of cells from normal mouse bone marrow to gamma radiation in vitro and in vivo. Radiat. Res. 16, 822–832.
110.
MeadowsA. T.BaumE.Fassati-BellaniF. (1985). Second malignant neoplasms in children: An update from the late effects study group. J. Clin. Oncol. 3, 532–538.
111.
MichalowskiA. S. (1981). Effects of radiation on normal tissues: Hypothetical mechanisms and limitations of in situ assays of clonogenicity. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 19, 157–172.
112.
MillerA. B.HoweG. R.ShermanG. J.LindsayJ. P.JaffeM. J.DinnerP. J.RischH. A.PrestonD. L. (1989). Mortality from breast cancer after irradiation during fluoroscopic examinations in patients being treated for tuberculosis. New Engl. J. Med. 321, 1285–1289.
113.
ModanB. (1991). Low dose radiation epidemiological studies. An assessment of methodological problems. To be published in Annals of the ICRP.
114.
ModanB.RonE.ChetritA.AlfandryE.BoiceJ. D.Jr.KatzL. (1989). Increased risk of breast cancer following low dose irradiation. Lanceti, 629–631.
115.
MonsonR. R.MacMahonB. (1984). Prenatal X ray exposure and cancer in children. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance, pp. 97–106 (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. R.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
116.
MorrisonH. I.SemenciwR. M.MaoY.WigleD. T. (1988). Cancer mortality among a group of fluorspar miners exposed to radon progeny, Am. J. Epidemiol. 128, 1266–1275.
117.
MuirheadC. R.KnealeG. W. (1989). Prenatal irradiation and childhood cancer. Letters to the Editor. J Radiol. Prot. 9(3), 209–212.
118.
MullerJ.WheelerW. C.GentlemeanJ. F.SuranyiG.KusiakR. A. (1985). Study of mortality of Ontario miners. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Occupation Safety in Mining, pp. 335–343 (StockerH., ed.). Canadian Nuclear Association, Toronto.
119.
NajarianT.ColtonT. (1978). Mortality from leukaemia and cancer in shipyard workers. Lanceti, 1018–1020.
120.
NAS (1972). The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. BEIR I Report. National Academy of Sciences. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, pp. 489–797.
121.
NAS (1976). Health Effects of Alpha-emitting Particles in the Respiratory Tract. National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
122.
NAS (1980). The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: 1980. BEIR III Report. National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
123.
NAS (1988). Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha-emitters. BEIR IV Report. National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
124.
NAS (1990). Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. BEIR V Report. National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
125.
NCRP (1974). Radiological Factors Affecting Decision Making in a Nuclear Attack. NCRP Report No. 42, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
126.
NCRP (1975). Alpha-emitting Particles in Lungs. NCRP Report No. 46, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
127.
NCRP (1980). Influence of Dose and its Distribution in Time on Dose-Response Relationships for Low-LET Radiations. NCRP Report No. 64, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
128.
NCRP (1984a). Exposures from the Uranium Series with Emphasis on Radon and Its Daughters. NCRP Report No. 77, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
129.
NCRP (1984b). Evaluation of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Radon and Radon Daughters in the United States. NCRP Report No. 78, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
130.
NCRP (1985). Induction of Thyroid Cancer by Ionizing Radiation. NCRP Report No. 80, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
131.
NCRP (1989a). Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities. NCRP Report No. 98, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
132.
NCRP (1989b). Limits for Exposure to ‘Hot Particles’ on the Skin. NCRP Report No. 106, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
133.
NCRP (1990). The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Radiations of Different Quality. NCRP Report No. 104, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.
134.
NUREG (1989). Health Effect Models for Nuclear Power Plant Accident Consequence Analysis—NUREG/CR-4214. Rev. 1. Part II. Scientific Bases for Health Effects Models. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.
135.
OtakeM.SchullW. J.FujikoshiY.YoshimaruH. (1988). Effect on School Performance of Prenatal Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Hiroshima. RERF TR2–88. Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan.
136.
OtakeM.SchullW. J. (1990). Radiation-related posterior lenticular opacities in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors based on the DS86 dosimetry system. Radiat. Res. 121, 3–13.
137.
OtakeM.SchullW. J.YoshimaruH. (1990). Brain damage among the prenatally exposed. Jap. J. Radiat. Res. (in press).
138.
PierceD. A. (1989). An Overview of the Cancer Mortality Data on the Atomic Bomb Survivors. RERF CR1-89, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.
139.
PierceD. A.VaethM. (1989). Cancer risk estimation from the A-bomb survivors: Extrapolation to low doses, use of relative risk models and other uncertainties. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 54–75 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
140.
PonderB. (1988). Gene losses in human tumours. Nature335, 400–402.
141.
PrestonD. L.PierceD. A. (1988). The effect of changes in dosimetry on cancer mortality risk estimates in the atomic bomb survivors. Radiat. Res. 114, 437–466.
142.
PuskinJ. S.NelsonC. B. (1989). EPA's Perspective on Risks from Residential Radon Exposure. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 39, 915–920.
143.
PuskinJ. S.YangY. (1988). A retrospective look at Rn-induced lung cancer mortality from the viewpoint of a relative risk model. Health Phys. 54, 635–643.
144.
PyatkinE. K.NugisV. YuChirkovA. A. (1989). Absorbed dose estimation according to the results of cytogenetic investigations of lymphocyte cultures of persons who suffered in the accident at Chernobyl power station. J. Med. Radiat. 6, 52–56.
145.
RadfordE. P.RenardK. G. S. (1984). Lung cancer in Swedish iron miners exposed to low doses of radon daughters. New Eng. J. Med. 310, 1485–1494.
146.
RallJ. E.BeebeG. W.HoelD. G.JablonS.LandC. E.NygaardO. F.UptonA. C.YalowR. S.ZeveV. H. (1985). Report of the National Institutes of Health Ad Hoc Working Group to Develop the Radioepidemiological Tables. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
147.
ReikW.SuraniM. A. (1989). Genomic imprinting embryonal tumours. Nature338, 112–113.
148.
ReimerR. R.HooverR.FraumeniJ. F.Jr.YoungR. C. (1978). Second primary neoplasms following ovarian cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 61, 1195–1197.
149.
ReinholdH. S.FajardoL. F.HopewellJ. W. (1989). The vascular system. In: Relative Radiosensitivity of Human Organ Systems, Part II (LettJ.AltmanK. I., eds) Adv. Radiat. Biol. 14, 177–226, Academic Press, San Diego.
150.
RicksR. C.FryS. A., (eds) (1990). The Medical Basis of Radiation Accident Preparedness II. Clinical Experience and Follow up Since 1979. Elsevier/North Holland, New York.
151.
RinskyR. A.ZumwaldR. D.WaxweilerR. J. (1981). Cancer mortality at a naval nuclear shipyard. Lanceti, 231–235.
152.
RobinetteC. D.JablonS. (1983). Studies of participants at nuclear weapons tests: I. The Plumbob series. In: Somatic and Genetic Effects, pp. C8–13 (BroerseJ. J., eds). 7th Intl. Congress of Radiation Research, Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam.
153.
RoeschW. C., (ed.) (1987). Final Report on Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima).
154.
RonE.ModanB. (1984). Thyroid and other neoplasms following childhood scalp irradiation. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. F.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
155.
RonE.ModanB.PrestonD.AlfandaryE.StovallM.BoiceJ. D.Jr. (1989). Thyroid neoplasia following low dose radiation in childhood. Radiat. Res. 120, 516–531.
156.
SametJ. M.KutvirtO. M.WaxweilerR. J.KeyC. R. (1984). Uranium mining and lung cancer in Navaho men. New Eng. J. Med. 310, 1481–1484.
157.
SametJ. M. (1989). Radon and lung cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81, 745–747.
158.
SankaranarayananK. (1991). Genetic effects of ionizing radiation in man. To be published in Annals of the ICRP.
159.
SchullW. J. (1991). Ionizing radiation and the developing human brain. To be published in Annals of the ICRP.
160.
SchullW. J.OtakeM.YoshimaruH. (1989). Radiation-related damage of the developing human brain. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Basis of Risk Assessment, pp. 28–41 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
161.
SevcJ.KunzTomasek L.PlacekV.HoracekJ. (1988). Cancer in man after exposure to Rn daughters. Health Phys. 54, 27–46.
162.
ShimizuY.KatoH.SchullW. J. (1988). Life Span Study Report II. Part 2. Cancer Mortality in the Years 1950–85 Based on the Recently Revised Doses (DS86). RERF-TR 5–88, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima.
163.
ShoreR. E.WoodwardE. D.HempelmanL. H. (1984a). Radiation induced thyroid cancer. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance, pp. 131–138 (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. F.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
164.
ShoreR. E.AlbertR. E.ReedM.HarleyN. H.PasternakB. S. (1984b). Skin cancer incidence among children irradiated for ringworm of the scalp. Radiat. Res. 100, 192–204.
165.
ShoreR. E.WoodwardE.HildrethN. (1985). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 74(6), 1177–1184.
166.
ShoreR. E.HildrethN.WoodwardE. D.DvoretskyP.HempelmannL.PastnernackB. (1986). Breast cancer among women given x-ray therapy for acute postpartum mastitis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 77, 689–696.
167.
ShoreR. E. (1990). Overview of radiation-induced skin cancer in humans. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 37, 809–827.
168.
SilverA. R. J.BreckonG.BoultwoodJ.AdamJ.MassonW. K.CoxR. (1989). Studies on putative initiating events for radiation oncogenesis. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 387–395 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
169.
SinclairW. K. (1968). Cyclic responses in mammalian cells in vitro. Radiat. Res. 33, 620–643.
170.
SinclairW. K. (1969). X ray survival of mammalian cells in culture. In: Comparative Species and Cellular Radiosensitivity, pp. 65–78. (BondV. P.SugaharaT., eds). Igaku Shoin, Tokyo.
171.
SinclairW. K. (1982). Fifty years of neutrons in biology and medicine: The comparative effects of neutrons in biological systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Microdosimetry, EUR 8395, pp. 1–37 (BoozJ.EbertH. G., eds). Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
172.
SinclairW. K. (1985). Experimental RBE values of high-LET radiations at low doses and the implications for quality factor assignment. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 13, 319–326.
173.
SinclairW.K. (1987). Risk, research and radiation protection. Radiat. Res. 112, 191–216.
174.
SloanS. R.NewcombE. W.PellicerA. (1990). Neutron radiation can activate k-ras via a point mutation in codon 146 and induces a different spectrum of ras mutation than does gamma radiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 405–408.
175.
SpiessH.MaysC. W.ChmelevskyD. (1989). Malignancies in patients injected with radium-224. In: Risks from Radium and Thorotrast. Brit. Inst. Radiol. Report 21, pp. 7–12 (TaylorD. M.MaysC. W.GerberG. B.ThomasR. G., eds) London.
176.
SternF. B.WaxweilerR. P.BeaumontJ. T.LeeS. T.RinskyR. A.ZumwaldR. D.HalperinW. E.BierbaumP. J.LandriganP. J.MurrayW. E. (1986). A case control study of leukemia at a naval nuclear shipyard. Am. J. Epidemiol. 123, 980–992.
177.
StewartA.KnealeG. W. (1970). Radiation dose effects in relation to obstetric x rays and childhood cancer. Lanceti, 1185–1188.
178.
StewartA.WebbJ.HewittD. (1958). A survey of childhood malignancies. Brit. Med. J. 1, 1495–1508.
179.
SwiftM.ReitenauerP. J.MorrellD. (1987). New Engl. J. Med. 316, 1289–1294.
180.
TaylorD. M.MaysC. W.GerberG. B.ThomasR. G., (eds) (1989). Risks from Radium and Thorotrast. BIR Report 21, Brit. Inst. Radiol., London.
181.
ThackerJ.StretchA. (1985). Responses of 4 X-ray sensitive CHO cell mutants to different radiations and to irradiation conditions promoting cellular recovery. Mutation Res. 146, 99–108.
182.
ThackerJ. (1986). The nature of mutants induced by ionizing radiation in cultured hamster cells. Mutation Res. 160, 267–275.
183.
ThackerJ. (1991). Radiation induced mutation in mammalian cells at low doses and low dose rates. In: Advances in Radiation Biology. Academic Press, San Diego (in press).
184.
ThomsonJ. F.GrahnD. (1988). Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays. VII. Effects of 60 once-weekly exposures. Radiat. Res. 115, 347–360.
185.
ThomsonJ. F.GrahnD. (1989). Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays. VIII. Exposures to continuous gamma radiation. Radiat. Res. 118, 151–160.
186.
TokunagaM.LandC. E.YamamotoT.AsanoM.TokuokaS.EzakiH.NishimoriI.FujikuraT. (1984). Breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance, pp. 45–56 (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. F.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
187.
TrimbleB. K.DoughtyJ. H. (1974). The amount of hereditary disease in human populations. Ann. Hum. Genet. (Lond.)38, 199–223.
188.
TuckerM. A.MeadowsA. T.BoiceJ. D.Jr.HooverR. N.FraumeniJ. F.Jr. (1984). Cancer risk following treatment of childhood cancer. In: Radiation Carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and Biological Significance, pp. 211–224 (BoiceJ. D.Jr.FraumeniJ. F.Jr., eds). Raven Press, New York.
189.
UllrichR. L. (1984). Tumor induction in BALB/c mice after fractionated or protracted exposures to fission spectrum neutrons. Radiat. Res. 97, 587–597.
190.
UNSCEAR (1977). Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E.77.IX.I United Nations, New York.
191.
UNSCEAR (1982). Ionizing Radiation: Sources and Biological Effects. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E82.IX.8, United Nations, New York.
192.
UNSCEAR (1986a). Genetic and Somatic Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Annex B. Dose Response Relationships for Radiation Induced Cancer. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E.86.IX.9, United Nations, New York.
193.
UNSCEAR (1986b). Genetic and Somatic Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Annex C. Biological Effects of Pre-Natal Irradiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E.86.IX.9, United Nations, New York.
194.
UNSCEAR (1988a). Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Annex G. Early Effects in Man of High Doses of Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E.88.IX.7, United Nations, Yew York.
195.
UNSCEAR (1988b). Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Annex E Radiation Carcinogenesis in Man. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E.88.IX.7, United Nations, New York.
196.
UNSCEAR (1988c). Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Annex E. Genetic Hazards. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E.88.IX.7, United Nations, New York.
197.
UptonA. C. (1991). Risk estimates for carcinogenic effects of radiation. To be published in Annals of the ICRP.
198.
UptonA. C.AlbertR. E.BurnsF. J.ShoreR. E., (eds) (1986). Radiation Carcinogenesis. Elsevier, New York.
199.
US (DHHS) (1989). Cancer Statistics Review 1973–86 including a report on the status of cancer control 1989. NIH Publication No. 89–2789. US Dept. of Health and Human Services, PHS, NTH, NCI, Bethesda, Md.
200.
WainsonA. A.YakowJ. G.KnijnikovW. A.KonoplainikovA. G.MuzarskagaJ. B.YarmonenkoS. D. (1990). The problems of medical radioloy. J. Med. Radiol. 10, 21–29.
201.
WalinderG. (1981). Radiologisk Katastrofmedicin, Swedish Research Institute of Defence, FOA. Stockholm.
202.
WangZ.BoiceJ. D.Jr.WeiL.BeebeG. W.ZhaY.KaplanM. M.TaoZ.MaxonH. R.IIIZhangS.SchneiderA. B.TanB.WesselerT. A.ChenD.ErshowA. G.KleinermanR. A.LittlefieldL. G.PrestonD. (1990). Thyroid nodularity and chromosome aberrations among women in areas of high background radiation in China. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82, 478–485.
203.
WeiL.ZhaY.TaoZ.HeW.ChenD.YuanY. (1990). Epidemiological investigation of radiological effects in high background radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. J. Radiat. Res. (Tokyo)31, 119–136.
204.
WheldonT. E.MichalowskiA. S.KirdJr. (1982). The effect of irradiation on function in self-renewing normal tissues with proliferative organization. Brit. J. Radiol. 55, 759–766.
205.
WheldonT. E.MichalowskiA. S. (1986). Alternative models for the proliferative structure of normal tissues and their response to irradiation. Brit. J. Cancer53 (Suppl VII), 382–385.
206.
WithersH. R.ElkindM. M. (1970). Microcolony survival assay of cells of mouse intestinal epithelium exposed to radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 17, 261–267.
207.
WlodekD.HittelmanW. N. (1987). The repair of double strand breaks correlates with radiosensitivity of L5178Y-S and L5178-R cells. Radiat. Res. 112, 146–155.
208.
WolffS.WienckeJ. K.AfzalJ.YoungblomJ.CortesF. (1989). The adaptive response of human lymphocytes to very low doses of ionizing radiation. In: Low Dose Radiation: Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, pp. 446–454 (BaverstockK. F.StatherJ. W., eds). Taylor and Francis, London.
209.
YamazakiJ. N.WrightS. W.WrightP. M. (1954). Outcome of pregnancy in women exposed to the atomic bomb in Nagasaki. Am. J. Dis. Children87, 448–463.
210.
YoshimotoY.KatoH.SchullW. J. (1988). Risk of cancer among children exposed in utero to a-bomb radiations, 1950–84. Lancetii, 665–669.