Racial Discrimination in Mortgage Lending in Washington,D.C.: A Mixed Methods Approach 1

Berkovec J. , Canner G. , Hannan T. , & Gabriel S. (1996). Race, redlining, and residential mortgage defaults: Evidence from the FHA-Insured Single-Family Loan Program. In Goering J. , & Wienk R. (Eds.). Mortgage lending, discrimination, and federal policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Canner G. (1982). Redlining: Research and federal legislative response. Staff study 121. Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Chud A. , & Bonnette H. (1996). Targeting a lending discrimination investigation. In Goering J. , & Wienk R. (Eds.). Mortgage lending, discrimination, and federal policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Community First, Inc. (CFI). (1994). Backsliding on the Community Reinvestment Act: How DC's banks and mortgage companies would have fared under the market share test. Washington, DC: Author.

Community First, Inc. (CFI). (1995). The legacy of redlining in Washington, DC: A study of lending patterns in Washington DC's minority and low and moderate income communities. Washington, DC: Author.

Dedman B. (1988). The color of money. Home mortgage practices discriminate against blacks. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 1–4.

Dymski G. (1997). Why does race matter in housing and credit markets? Current research and future directions”. In Mason P. , & Williams R. (Eds.). Race, markets, and social outcomes. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Galster G. (1991). A statistical perspective on illegal discrimination in lending. Washington. DC: American Bankers Association.

Galster G. (1993). The use of testers in investigating discrimination in mortgage and insurance markets. In Fix M. , and Struyk R. , (Eds.). Clear and convincing evidence: Testing for discrimination in America. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press.

Goering J. , & Wienk R. (1996). Introduction. In Goering J. , & Wienk R. (Eds.). (1996) Mortgage lending, discrimination, and federal policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Israel B.A. , Schulz A.J. , Parker E.A. , and Becker A. B. (1998). Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19: 173–202.

Jackson W. E. (1994). Discrimination in mortgage lending markets as rational economic behavior: Theory, evidence, and public policy. In Lashley M. E. , & Jackson M. N. African Americans and the new policy consensus. NY: Greenwood Press.

Jackson W. E. (1975). Housing markets and racial discrimination: A microeconomic analysis. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Kain J. F. , & Quigley J. M. (1969). Housing market discrimination, home ownership, and savings behavior. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Economic Association. New York: Author.

Listokin D. , & Casey S. (1980). Mortgage lending and race: Conceptual and analytical perspectives of the urban financing problem. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, Center for Urban Policy Research.

Munnell A. H. , Browne L. E. , McEneaney J. , & Tootell G. M. B. (1992). Mortgage lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA data. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Working Paper (92-07 Boston). Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

Smith S. , & Cloud C. (1996). The role of private, non-profit fair housing enforcement organizations in lending testing. In Goering J. , & Wienk R. (Eds.). (1996) Mortgage lending, discrimination, and federal policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Turner M. , Freiberg F. , Godfrey E. , Herbig C. , Levy D. K. , & Smith R. R. (2002). All other things being equal: A paired testing study of mortgage lending institutions. Final Report. Prepared for the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.

Turner M. , Struyk R. , Yinger J. , 1991. Housing Discrimination Study: Synthesis. HUD 1330-PDR(1). Office of Policy Development and Research, Washington, DC: HUD.

Urban Institute, 1991. Housing Discrimination Study: Methodology and Data Documentation. HUD-1330-PDR(1). Office of Policy Development and Research, Washington, DC: HUD.

Viswanathan M. , Ammerman A. , Eng E. Community-based Participatory Research: Assessing the Evidence. AHRQ Evidence Report, Number 99.

Yinger J. (1996). Discrimination in mortgage lending: A literature review. In Goering J. , & Wienk R. (Eds.). Mortgage lending, discrimination, and federal policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.