AdolphC., RamosD.E., LintonK.L.P., and GrimesD.A.1995. “Pregnancy Among Hispanic Teenagers: Is Good Parental Communication a Deterrent?”Contraception Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 303–306.
2.
AverettSusan L., ReesDaniel I., and ArgysLaura M.2002. “The Impact of Government Policies and Neighborhood Characteristics on Teenage Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use,”American Journal of Public Health Vol. 92, No. 11, pp. 1773–1778.
3.
BaumeisterL.M., FloresE., and MarinB.V.1995. “Sex Information Given to Latina Adolescents by Parents,”Health Education Research Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 233–239.
4.
BillyJohn O., and MooreDavid E.1992. “A Multilevel Analysis of Marital and Nonmarital Fertility in the U.S.,”Social Forces Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 977–1011.
5.
BositisDavid A.2000. Black Elected Officials: A Statistical Summary 2000. (Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies).
6.
Brooks-GunnJeanne, DuncanGreg J., KlebanovPamela Kato, and SealandNaomi. 1993. “Do Neighborhoods Influence Child and Adolescent Development?,”American Journal of Sociology Vol. 99, No. 2, pp. 353–395.
7.
CoardStephanie Irby, NitzKatherine, and FeliceMarianne E.2000. “Repeat Pregnancy Among Urban Adolescents: Sociodemographic, Family, and Health Factors,”Adolescence Vol. 35, No. 137, pp. 193–200.
8.
CraneJonathan. 1991. “The Epidemic Theory of Ghettos and Neighborhood Effects on Dropping Out and Teenage Childbearing,”American Journal of Sociology Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 1226–1259.
9.
DanzigerSandra K.1995. “Family Life and Teenage Pregnancy in the Inner-City: Experiences of African-American Youth,”Children and Youth Services Review Vol. 17, Nos. 1/2, pp. 183–202.
10.
DarrochJacqueline E., LandryDavid J., and OslakSelene. 1999. “Age Differences Between Sexual Partners in the United States,”Family Planning Perspectives Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 160–167.
11.
DriscollAnne K., Antonia BiggsM., BrindisClaire D., and YankahEkua. 2001. “Adolescent Latino Reproductive Health: A Review of the Literature,”Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 255–326.
12.
HamiltonBrady E., SuttonPaul D., and VenturaStephanie J.2003. “Revised Birth and Fertility Rates for the 1990s and New Rates for Hispanic Populations, 2000 and 2001: United States,”National Vital Statistics Reports Vol. 51, No. 12(Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics).
13.
HansonSandra L., MyersDavid E., and GinsburgAlan L.1987. “The Role of Responsibility and Knowledge in Reducing Teenage Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing,”Journal of Marriage & the Family Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 241–256.
14.
HoganDennis P., and KitagawaEvelyn M.1985. “The Impact of Social Status, Family Structure, and Neighborhood on the Fertility of Black Adolescents.”American Journal of Sociology Vol. 90, No. 4, pp. 825–855.
15.
LaVeistThomas. 1992. “Political Empowerment and Health Status of African Americans: Mapping a New Territory,”American Journal of Sociology Vol. 97, pp. 1080–1095.
16.
LeighWilhelmina A., and AndrewsJulia L.2002. The Reproductive Health of African American Adolescents: What We Know and What We Don't Know (Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies).
17.
ManloveJennifer, TerryElizabeth, GitelsonLaura, PapilloAngela Romano, and RussellStephen2000. “Explaining Demographic Trends in Teenage Fertility, 1980–1995,”Family Planning Perspectives Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 166–175.
18.
MatthewsT.J., and HamiltonBrady E.2002. “Mean Age of Mother, 1970–2000,”National Vital Statistics Reports Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 1–13.
19.
MottFrank L.1986. “The Pace of Repeated Childbearing Among Young American Mothers,”Family Planning Perspectives Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 5–12.
20.
MurryV. M.1995. “An Ecological Analysis of Pregnancy Resolution Decisions Among African American and Hispanic Adolescent Females,”Youth & Society Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 325–350.
21.
National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) Educational Fund. 2003. 2003 National Directory of Latino Elected Officials (Los Angeles, CA: Author).
22.
National Women's Law Center, University of Pennsylvania, and Oregon Health & Science University. 2001. Making the Grade on Women's Health: A National and State-by-State Report Card at: http://www.nwlc.org.
23.
OlsenR.J., and FarkasG.1990. “The Effect of Economic Opportunity and Family Background on Adolescent Cohabitation and Childbearing among Low-income Blacks,”Journal of Labor Economics Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 341–362.
24.
PapilloAngela Romano, FranzettaKerry, ManloveJennifer, MooreKristin Anderson, Terry-HumenElizabeth, and RyanSuzanne2002. “Teen Birth Rate,”Facts At A Glance (Washington, DC: Child Trends, Inc.).
25.
PhilliberSusan, KayeJacqueline Williams, HerdingScott, and WestEmily2002. “Preventing Pregnancy and Improving Health Care Access Among Teenagers: An Evaluation Of the Children's Aid Society—Carrera Program,”Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 244–251.
26.
RichLauren M., and KimSun-Bin. 2002. “Employment and the Sexual and Reproductive Behavior of Female Adolescents,”Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 127–134.
27.
SappenfieldB., FerréC., IyasuS., MartinJ.A., VenturaS.J., and AllenD.R.2002. “State-Specific Trends in U.S. Live Births to Women Born Outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia—United States, 1990 and 2000,”Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol. 51, No. 48, pp. 1091–1095.
28.
SmedleyBrian D., StithAdrienne Y., and NelsonAlan R. (eds.). 2002. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Report Prepared by the Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Board on Health Sciences Policy of the Institute of Medicine. (Washington, DC: National Academies Press).
29.
State University of New York [SUNY] Downstate Medical Center. 2002. Healthy Cities, Healthy Suburbs: Progress in Meeting Healthy People Goals for the Nation's 100 Largest Cities and Their Suburbs (Brooklyn, NY: Author) at: http://www.downstate.edu/urbansoc_heakhdata/.
30.
Stevens-SimonCatherine, KellyLisa, and SingerDena1999. “Preventing Repeat Adolescent Pregnancies with Early Adoption of the Contraceptive Implant,”Family Planning Perspectives Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 88–93.
31.
SuglandBarbara W., ManloveJennifer, and RomanoAngela D.1997. “Perceptions of Opportunity and Adolescent Fertility: Operationalizing Across Race/Ethnicity and Social Class,” Paper presented at the 1997 annual meeting of the Population Association of America, March 27–29, Washington DC (available through Child Trends, Inc., Washington, DC).
32.
TaylorD.J., ChavezG. F., AdamsE.J., ChabraA., and ShahR.S.1999. “Demographic Characteristics in Adult Paternity for First Births to Adolescents Under 15 Years of Age,”Journal of Adolescent Health Vol. 24, pp. 251–258.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1985. Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black & Minority Health, Volume I: Executive Summary (Washington, DC: Author).
35.
VenturaStephanie J., AbmaJoyce C., and MosherWilliam D.2003. “Revised Pregnancy Rates, 1990–97, and New Rates for 1998–99: United States,”National Vital Statistics Reports Vol. 52, No. 7(Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics).
ZavodnyMadeline. 2001. “The Effect of Partner's Characteristics on Teenage Pregnancy and Its Resolution,”Family Planning Perspectives Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 192–199 & 205.