Restoration of Finger Flexion by Pronator Teres Muscle Transfer after Brachial Plexus Injury: A Case Report

Abram G.D. Ward S.R. Fridén J. Lieber R.L. Pronator teres is an appropriate donor muscle for restoration of wrist and thumb extension. J Hand Surg. 2005;30A:1068–73.

Abrams R.A. Reconstruction for radial nerve palsy. In: Berger R.A. , editor. Hand surgery, vol 1. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p. 937–51.

Alnot J.Y. Salon A. In: Alnot J.Y. Narakas A. , editors. La main plexique. Paris: Expansion Scientifique Française; 1995. p. 243–55.

Brys D. Waters R.L. Effect of triceps function on the brachioradialis transfer in quadriplegia. J Hand Surg. 1987;12A:237–9.

Dyck P.J. Boes C.J. Mulder D. Millikan C. Windebank A.J. Dyck P.J. History of standard scoring, notation, and summation of neuromuscular signs. A current survey and recommendation. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2005;10:158–73.

Freehafer A.A. Peckham P.H. Keith M.W. Mendelson L.S. The brachioradialis: anatomy, properties, and value for tendon transfer in the tetraplegic. J Hand Surg. 1988;13A:99–104.

Gansel J. Waters R. Gellman H. Transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus in tetraplegia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:427–32.

House J.H. Reconstruction of the thumb in tetraplegia following spinal cord injury. Clin Orthop. 1985;195:117–28.

House J.H. Gwathmey F.W. Lundsgaard D.K. Restoration of strong grasp and lateral pinch in tetraplegia due to cervical spinal cord injury. J Hand Surg. 1976;1:152–9.

Ide M. Ide J. Yamaga M. Takagi K. Symptoms and signs of irritation of the brachial plexus in whiplash injuries. J Bone Joint Surg. 2001;83B:226–9.

Ingari J.V. Green D.P. Radial nerve palsy. In: Wolfe S.W. Hotchkiss R.N. Pederson W.C. Kozin S.H. , editors. Green's operative hand surgery, vol 1. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p. 1075–92.

Irwin C.E. Wray J.C. Restoration of finger function by poliomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1957;19(134):716–25.

Johanson M.E. Skinner S.R. Lamoreux L.W. Phasic relationships of the intrinsic and extrinsic thumb musculature. Clin Orthop. 1996;322:120–30.

Keith M.W. Lacey S.H. Surgical rehabilitation of the tetraplegic upper extremity. J Neurol Rehabil. 1991;5:75–87.

Lieber R.L. Jacobson M.D. Fazeli B.M. Abrams R.A. Botte M.J. Architecture of selected muscles of the arm and forearm: anatomy and implications for tendon transfer. J Hand Surg. 1992;17A:787–98.

Lipscomb P.R. Elkins E.C. Henderson E.D. Tendon transfer to restore function 135 of hands in tetraplegia especially after fracture-dislocation of the sixth cervical vertebra of the seventh. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1958;40:1071–80.

MacKinnon S.E. Dellon A.L. Clinical nerve reconstruction with a bioabsorbable polyglycolic acid tube. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;85:419–24.

McCue F.C. Honner R. Chapman W. Transfer of brachioradialis for hands deformed by cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:1171–80.

Medical Research Council (1943) Aids to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, revised 1976.

Mohammed K.D. Rothwell A.G. Sinclair S.W. Willems S.M. Bean A.R. Upper-limb surgery for tetraplegia. J Bone Joint Surg. 1992;74B:873–9.

Nagano A. The treatment of brachia plexus injury. J Orthop Sci. 1998;3:71–80.

Nickel V.L. Perry J. Garret A. Development of the useful in the severely paralyzed hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45:933–52.

Paul S.D. Gellman H. Waters R. Willstein G. Tognella M. Singlestage reconstruction of key pinch and extension of the elbow in tetraplegic patients. J Bone Joint Surg. 1994;76A:1451–6.

Revol M. Tendon transfers as applied to tetraplegia. Hand Clin. 2002;18:423–39.

Riordan D.C. Tendon transfers in hand surgery. J Hand Surg. 1983;8A:748–53.

Street D.M. Stambaugh H.D. Finger flexor tenodesis. Clin Orthop. 1959;13:155–63.

Waters R. Moore K.R. Graboff S.R. Paris K. Brachioradialis to flexor pollicis longus tendon transfer for active lateral pinch in the tetraplegic. J Hand Surg. 1985;10A:385–91.

Waters R.L. Stark L.Z. Gubernick I. Bellman H. Barnes G. Electromyographic analysis of brachioradialis to flexor pollicis longus tendon transfer in quadriplegia. J Hand Surg. 1990;15A:335–9.

Wilson J.N. Providing automatic grasp by flexor tenodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956;38:1019–24.

Zancolli E.A. Structural and dynamic bases of hand surgery. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1968.

Zancolli E.A. Surgery of the quadriplegic hand with active strong wrist extension preserved. A study of 97 cases. Clin Orthop. 1975;12:101–13.

Zancolli E.A. Structural and dynamic bases of hand surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1979.