WillingerM, JamesS, CatzC.Defining the SIDS: deliberations of an expert panel convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Development. Pediatr Pathol1991;11:677–684.
2.
MatthewsTJ, MacDormanMF, Infant Mortality Statistics From the 1999 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2002.
3.
IyasuS, RandallLL, WeltyTK, Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome among Northern Plains Indians. JAMA2002;288:2717–2723.
4.
HauckFR. Changing epidemiology. In: ByardRW, KrousHF, eds. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Problems, Progress and Possibilities.London: Arnold, 2001; p 31–57.
5.
KinneyHC, RandallLL, SleeperLA, Serotonergic brainstem abnormalities in Northern Plains Indians with the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol2003;62:1178–1191.
6.
NaritaN, NaritaM, TakashimaS, Serotonin transporter gene variation as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome in the Japanese population. Pediatrics2001;107:690–692.
7.
Weese-MayerDE, ZhouL, Berry-KravasEM, Association of the serotonin transporter gene with sudden infant death syndrome. Am J Genet2003;122A:238–245.
8.
Weese-MayerDE, ZhouL, Berry-KravisEM, Association of the serotonin transporter gene with sudden infant death syndrome: a haplotype analysis. Am J Med Genet2003;122A:238–245.
9.
SummersAM, SummersCW, DruckerDB, Association of the IL-10 genotype with sudden infant death syndrome. Hum Immunol2000;61:1270–1273.
10.
PanigrahyA, FilianoJJ, SleeperLA, Decreased serotonergic receptor binding in rhombic lip-derived regions of the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol2000;59:377–384.
11.
MansouriJ, PanigrahyA, FilianoJJ, Alpha2 receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol2001;60:141–146.
12.
NachmanoffDB, PanigrahyA, FilianoJJ, Brainstem 3H-nicotine receptor binding in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1998;57:1018–1025.
13.
KinneyHC, FilianoJJ, SleeperLA, Decreased muscarinic receptor binding in the arcuate nucleus in sudden infant death syndrome. Science1995;269:1446–1450.
14.
PanigrahyA, FilianoJJ, SleeperLA, Decreased kainate receptor binding in the arcuate nucleus of the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1997;56:1253–1261.
15.
KinneyHC, FilianoJJ, AssmannSF, Tritiated-naloxone binding to brainstem opioid receptors in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Auton Nerv Syst1998;69:156–163.
16.
KinneyHC, FilianoJJ, WhiteWF. Medullary serotonergic network deficiency in the sudden infant death syndrome: review of a 15-year study of a single dataset. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol2001;60:228–247.
17.
SchechtmanVL, LeeMY, WilsonAJ, Dynamics of respiratory patterning in normal infants and infants who subsequently died of the sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Res1996;40:571–577.
18.
SchechtmanVL, HarperRM, KlugeKA, Heart rate variation in normal infants and victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. Early Hum Dev1989;19:167–181.
19.
KatoI, FrancoP, GroswasserJ, Incomplete arousal processes in infants who were victims of sudden death. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2003;168:1298–1303.
20.
GroswasserJ, SimoT, SchilletS, Reduced arousals following obstructive apneas in infants sleeping prone. Pediatr Res2001;49:402–406.
21.
FrancoP, LipshutzW, ValenteF, Decreased arousals in infants who sleep with the face covered by bedclothes. Pediatrics2002;109:1112–1117.
22.
FrancoP, LipshutW, ValenteF, Cardiac autonomic characteristics in infants sleeping with their face covered by bedclothes. J Sleep Res2003;2:125–132.
23.
HorneRS, FerensD, WattsAM, The prone sleeping position impairs arousability in term infants. J Pediatr2001;138:811–816.
ChongA, MurphyN, MatthewsT.Effect of prone sleeping on circulatory control in infants. Arch Dis Child2000;82:253–256.
26.
NaeyeRL. Brain stem and adrenal abnormalities in the sudden infant death syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol1966;66:526–539.
27.
KinneyHC, BurgerPC, HarrellFEJr, HudsonRPJr.‘Reactive gliosis’ in the medulla oblongata of victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics1983;72:181–187.
28.
TakashimaS, ArmstrongD, BeckerLE, BryanC.Cerebral hypoperfusion in the sudden infant death syndrome? Brainstem gliosis and vascular supply. Ann Neurol1978;4:257–262.
29.
FilianoJJ, KinneyHC. A perspective on neuropathologic findings in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome: the triple-risk model. Biol Neonate1994;65:194–197.
30.
KinneyHC, PatersonDS. The sudden infant death syndrome. In: GoldenJA, HardingB, eds. Pathology and Genetics: Acquired and Inherited Disease of the Developing Nervous System.Basel: ISN Neuropathology Press.2004; 194–203.
31.
BarnesNM, SharpT.A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function. Neuropharmacology1999;38:1083–1152.
KelaiS, AissiF, LeschKP, Alcohol intake after serotonin transporter inactivation in mice. Alcohol Alcohol2003;38:386–389.
34.
AwtryTL, WerlingLL. Acute and chronic effects of nicotine on serotonin uptake in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rats. Synapse2003;50:206–211.
35.
MossnerR, HeilsA, StoberG, Enhancement of serotonin transporter function by tumor necrosis factor alpha but not be interleukin-6. Neurochem Int1998;33:251–254.
36.
TörkI, HornungJP. Raphe nuclei and the 5-HT system. In: PaxinosG, eds. The Human Nervous System.San Diego: Academic Press, 1990; 1001–1022.
37.
HornungJP. The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system. J Chem Neuroanat2003;26:331–343.
38.
McGintyD, HarperRM. Dorsal raphe neurons: depression of firing during sleep in cats. Brain Res1976;101:569–575.
39.
TrulsonME, JacobsBJ. Raphe unit activity in freely moving cats: correlation with the level of behavioral arousal. Brain Res1979;163:135–150.
40.
MasonP.Contributions of the medullary raphe and ventromedial reticular region to pain modulation and other homeostatic functions. Annu Rev Neurosci2001;24:737–777.
41.
LovickTA. The medullary raphe nuclei: a system for integration and gain control in autonomic and somatomotor responsiveness?Exp Physiol1997;82:31–41.
42.
MorrisonSF. Differential control of sympathetic outflow. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2001;281:R683–R698.
43.
AzmitiaEC. Serotonin neurons, neuroplasticity, and homeostasis of neural tissue. Neuropsychopharmacology1999;21:33S–45S.
44.
JacobsBL, WilkinsonLO, FornalCA. The role of brain serotonin. A neurophysiologic perspective. Neuropsychopharmacology1990;3:473–479.
45.
SmithJC, EllenbergerHH, BallanyiK, Pre-Bötzinger complex: a brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals. Science1991;254:726–729.
EricksonJT, MillhornDE. Hypoxia and electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve induce Fos-like immunoreactivity within catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons of the rat brainstem. J Comp Neurol1994;348:161–182.
48.
Martin-CuroFJ, FornalCA, MetzlerCW, JacobsBL. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia decreases single-unit activity of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons in freely moving cats: relationship to sympathetic and motor output. Eur J Neurosci2002;16:722–734.
49.
BradleySR, PieriboneVA, WangW, Chemosensitive serotonergic neurons are closely associated with large medullary arteries. Nat Neurosci2002;5:401–402.
50.
WangW, TiwariJK, BradleySR, Acidosis-stimulated neurons of the medullary raphe are serotonergic. J Neurophysiol2001;85:224–235.
51.
Bou-FioresC, LajardA, MonteauR, Abnormal phrenic motoneuron activity and morphology in neonatal monoamine oxidase A-deficient transgenic mice: possible role of a serotonin excess. J Neurosci2000;10:4646–4656.
52.
HokfeltT, Multiple messengers in descending serotonin neurons: localization and functional implications. J Chem Neuroanat2000;18:75–86.
53.
MonteauR, MorinD, HennequinS, Differential effects of serotonin on respiratory activity in hypoglossal and cervical motoneurons: an in vitro study on the newborn rat. Neurosci Lett1990;111:127–132.
54.
PenaF, RamirezJM. Endogenous activation of serotonin-2A receptors is required for respiratory rhythm generation in vitro. J Neurosci2002;22:11055–11064.
55.
RaulL.Serotonin2 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius: characterization and role in the baroreceptor arc. Cell Mol Neurobiol2003;23:709–746.
56.
GaoK, MasonP.The discharge of a subset of serotonergic raphe magnus neurons is influenced by baroreceptor input. Brain Res2001;900:306–313.
57.
MessierML, LiA, NattieEE. Inhibition of medullary raphe serotonergic neurons has age-dependent effect on the CO2 response in newborn piglets. J Appl Physiol2004;96:1909–1919.
58.
PelaezNM, SchreihoferAM, GuyenetPG. Decompensated hemorrhage activates serotonergic neurons in the subependymal parapyramidal region of the rat medulla. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2002;283:R688–R697.
59.
HilaireG, MorinD, LajardAM, MonteauR.Changes in serotonin metabolism may elicit obstructive apnoea in the newborn rat. J Physiol1993;446:367–381.
60.
NagaiM.The role of serotonergic system in body temperature regulation. Physiol Res1992;41:65–69.
61.
HoltmannJR, DickTE, BergerAJ. Serotonin-mediated excitation of recurrent laryngeal and phrenic motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the raphe obscurus. Brain Res1987;417:12–20.
62.
PoetsCF, MenyRG, ChobanianMR, BonofigloRE. Gasping and other cardiorespiratory patterns during sudden infant death. Pediatr Res1999;45:350–354.
63.
SridarR, ThachBT, KellyDH, HensleeJA. Characterization of successful and failed autoresuscitation in human infants, including those who die of SIDS. Pediatr Pulmonol2003;36:113–122.
64.
FilianoJJ, KinneyHC. Arcuate nucleus hypoplasia in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1992;51:394–403.
65.
FilianoJJ, ChoiJC, KinneyHC. Candidate cell populations for respiratory chemosensitive fields in the human infant medulla. J Comp Neurol1990;293:448–495.
66.
BiondoB, LavezziA, TosiD, Delayed neuronal maturation of the medullary arcuate nucleus in sudden infant death syndrome. Acta Neuropathol2003;106:545–551.
67.
MatturriL, BiondoB, MercurioP, RossiL.Severe hypoplasia of medullary arcuate nucleus: quantitative analysis in sudden infant death syndrome. Acta Neuropathol2000;99:371–375.
68.
MatturriL, BiondoB, Suarez-MierMP, RossiL.Brain stem lesions in the sudden infant death syndrome: variability in the hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus. Acta Neuropathol2002;104:12–20.
69.
FolgeringH, KuyperF, KilleJF. Primary alveolar hypo-ventilation (Ondine's curse syndrome) in an infant without external arcuate nucleus. Case report. Bull Eur Physiopathol Resp1979;15:659–665.
70.
ZecN, FilianoJJ, PanigrahyA, Developmental changes in [3H]-lysergic acid diethylamide ([3H]LSD) binding in serotonin receptors in the human brainstem. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1996;55:114–126.
71.
PatersonDS, BelliveauRA, TrachtenbergF, KinneyHC. Differential development of 5-HT receptor and the serotonin transporter binding in the human infant medulla. J Comp Neurol2004;47:221–231.
72.
MulkeyDK, StornellaRL, WestonMC, Respiratory control by ventricular surface chemoreceptor neurons in rats. Nat Neurosci2004;7:1360–1369.
73.
ZecN, FilianoJJ, KinneyHC. Anatomic relationships of the human arcuate nucleus of the medulla: a DiI labeling study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1997;56:509–522.
74.
ZecN, KinneyHC. Anatomic relationships of the human nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis: a DiI labeling study. Auton Neurosci2001;105:110–124.
75.
ZecN, KinneyHC. Anatomic relationships of the human nucleus of the solitary tract: a DiI labeling study. Auton Neurosci2003;105:131–144.
76.
KatzLC, ShatzCJ. Synaptic activity and the construction of cortical circuits. Science1996;274:1133–1138.
77.
PennAA, ShatzCJ. Brain waves and brain wiring: the role of endogeneous and sensory driven neural activity. Pediatr Res1999;45:442–458.
78.
LidovH, MolliverM.Immunohistochemical study of the development of serotonergic neurons in the rat CNS. Brain Res Bull1982;9:559–604.
79.
RubensteinJL. Development of serotonergic neurons and their projections. Biol Psychiatry1998;44:145–150.
80.
BuznikovGA, LambertHW, LauderJM. Serotonin and serotonin-like substances as regulators in early embryo-genesis and morphogenesis. Cell Tissue Res2001;305:177–186.
81.
SundstromE, KolareS, SouverbieF, Neurochemical differentiation of human bulbospinal monoaminergic neurons during the first trimester. Brain Res Dev Brain Res1993;75:1–12.
82.
FaberKM, HaringJH. Synaptogenesis in the postnatal rat fascia dentate is influenced by 5-HT1a receptor activation. Brain Res Dev Brain Res1999;114:245–252.
83.
HaydonPG, McCobbDP, KaterSB. The regulation of neurite outgrowth, growth cone motility, and electrical synaptogenesis by serotonin. J Neurobiol1987;18:197–215.
84.
MazerC, MuneyyirciJ, TahenyK, Serotonin depletion during synaptogenesis leads to decreased synaptic density and learning deficits in the adult rat: a possible cognitive model of neurodevelopmental disorders with cognitive deficits. Brain Res1997;760:68–73.
85.
KondohM, ShigaT, OkadoN.Regulation of dendrite formation of Purkinje cells by serotonin through serotonin1A and serotonin2A receptors in culture. Neurosci Res2004;48:101–109.
86.
SoodS, LiuX, LiuH, 5-HT at hypoglossal motor nucleus and respiratory control of genioglossus muscle in anesthetized rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol2003;138:205–221.
87.
TalleyEM, SadrNN, BaylissDA. Postnatal development of serotonergic innervation, 5-HT1A receptor expression, and 5-HT responses in rat motoneurons. J Neurosci1997;17:4473–4485.
88.
NattieEE, KinneyHC. Nicotine, serotonin, and sudden infant death syndrome (editorial). Am J Resp Crit Care Med2002;166:1530–1531.
89.
ZhouFC, SariY, ZhangJK, Prenatal alcohol exposure retards the migration and development of serotonin neurons in fetal C57BL mice. Dev Brain Res2001;126:145–155.