JenkinsD, BalsitisM, GallivanMF, Guidelines for the initial biopsy diagnosis of suspected chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: the British Society of Gastroenterology initiative. J Clin Pathol1997;50:93–105.
8.
TanakaM, RiddellR, SaitoH, Morphologic criteria applicable to biopsy specimens for effective distinction of inflammatory bowel disease from other forms of colitis and of Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol1999;34:55–67.
9.
LowichikA, WeinbergAG. A quantitative evaluation of mucosal eosinophils in the pediatric gastrointestinal tract. Mod Pathol1996;9:110–114.
10.
PascalRR, GramlichTL, ParkerKM, GanslerTS. Geographic variation in eosinophil concentration in normal colonic mucosa. Mod Pathol1997;10:363–365.
11.
OdzeRD, WershilBK, LeichtnerAM, AntonioliDA. Allergic colitis in infants. J Pediatr1995;126:163–170.
12.
O'LearyAD, SweeneyEC. Lymphoglandular complexes of the colon: structure and distribution. Histopathology1986;10:267–283.
13.
SnoverDC, SandstadJ, HuttonS.Mucosal pseudolipomatosis of the colon. Am J Clin Pathol1985;84:575–580.
14.
WattsDA, LessellsAM, PenmanID, GhoshS.Endoscopic and histologic features of sodium phosphate bowel preparation-induced colonic ulceration: case report and review. Gastrointest Endosc2002;55:584–587.
15.
DrimanDK, PreiksaitisHG. Colorectal inflammation and increased cell proliferation associated with oral sodium phosphate bowel preparation solutions. Hum Pathol1998;29:972–978.
16.
ZwasFR, CirilloNW, El-SeragHB, Colonic mucosal abnormalities associated with oral sodium phosphate for colonoscopy preparation. Gastrointest Endosc1998;48:276–278.
XinW, BrownPI, GreensonJK. The clinical significance of focal active colitis in pediatric patients. Am J Surg Pathol2003;27:1134–1138.
20.
JonasG, MahoneyA, MurrayJ, GertlerS.Chemical colitis due to endoscope cleaning solutions: a mimic of pseudomembranous colitis. Gastroenterology1988;95:1403–1408.
21.
MeiselJL, BergmenD, GraneyD, Human rectal mucosa: prospective and morphological changes caused by laxatives. Gastroenterology1977;72:1274–1279.
22.
WestAB, KuanS-F, BennickM, LagardeS.Glutaraldehyde colitis following endoscopy: clinical and pathologic features and investigation of an outbreak. Gastroenterology1995;108:1250–1255.
23.
LeBerreN, HeresbachD, KerbaolM, Histological discrimination of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease from the other types of colitis. J Clin Pathol1995;48:749–753.
24.
WashingtonK, GreensonJK, MontgomeryE, Histopathology of ulcerative colitis in initial rectal biopsy in children. Am J Surg Pathol2002;26:1441–1449.
25.
GeboesK, DalleI.Influence of treatment on morphologic features of mucosal inflammation. Gut2002;50:S37–S42.
26.
RobertME, TangL, HaoLM, Reyes-MugicaM.Patterns of inflammation in mucosal biopsies of ulcerative colitis: perceived differences in pediatric populations are limited to children younger than 10 years. Am J Surg Pathol2004;28:183–189.
27.
FarmerM, PetrasRE, HuntLE, The importance of diagnostic accuracy in colonic inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol2000;95:3184–3188.
28.
SandbornWJ, HanauerSB. Infliximab in the treatment of Crohn's disease: a user's guide for clinicians. Am J Gastroenterol2002;97:2962–2972.
29.
AlexanderF, SarigolS, DiFioreJ, Fate of the pouch in 151 pediatric patients after ileal pouch anal anastomosis. J Pediatr Surg2003;38:78–82.
30.
LangholzE, MunkholmP, KrasnilikoffPA, Inflammatory bowel diseases with onset in childhood. Clinical features, morbidity, and mortality in a regional cohort. Scand J Gastroenterol1997;32:139–147.
GlickmanJN, BousvarosA, FarrayeFA, Pediatric patients with untreated ulcerative colitis may present initially with unusual morphologic findings. Am J Surg Pathol2004;28:190–197.
33.
EscherJ, Ten KateF, LichtenbeltK, Value of rectosigmoidoscopy with biopsies for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children. Inflamm Bowel Dis2002;8:16–22.
34.
MamulaP, TelegaGW, MarkowitzJE, Inflammatory bowel disease in children 5 years of age and younger. Am J Gastroenterol2002;97:2005–2010.
35.
Powell-TuckJ, RichieJK, Lennard-JonesJE. The prognosis of idiopathic proctitis. Scand J Gastroenterol1977;12:727–732.
36.
FarmerRG. Long-term prognosis for patients with ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (ulcerative colitis confined to the rectum, sigmoid colon). J Clin Gastroenterol1979;1:47–50.
37.
Mir-MadjlessiSH, MichenerWM, FarmerRG. Course and prognosis of idiopathic ulcerative proctosigmoiditis in young patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1986;5:570–575.
38.
HyamsJ, DavisP, LererT, Clinical outcome of ulcerative proctitis in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1997;25:149–152.
39.
OdzeR.Diagnostic problems and advances in inflammatory bowel disease. Mod Pathol2003;16:347–358.
40.
WakefieldAJ, SankeyEA, DhillonAP, Granulomatous vasculitis in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1991; 100:1279–1287.
41.
SurawiczCM, MeiselJL, YlvisakerT, Rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease: value of multiple biopsies and serial sectioning. Gastroenterology1981;81:66–71.
42.
Schmitz-MoormanP, SchagM.Histology of the lower intestinal tract in Crohn's disease of children and adolescents: multicentric paediatric Crohn's disease study. Pathol Res Pract1990;186:479–484.
43.
YaoK, YaoT, IwashitaA, Microaggregate of immunostained macrophages in non-inflamed gastroduodenal mucosa: a new useful histological marker for differentiating Crohn's colitis from ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol2000;95:1967–1973.
44.
MarkowitzJ, KahnE, GrandcherK, Atypical rectosigmoid histology in children with newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol1993;88:2034–2037.
45.
MantzarisGJ, HatzisA, ArchavlisE, The role of colonoscopy in the differential diagnosis of acute, severe hemorrhagic colitis. Endoscopy1995;27:645–653.
46.
GreensonJK, RobertSA, CarpenterSL, The clinical significance of focal active colitis. Hum Pathol1997;28:729–733.
47.
VolkEE, ShapiroBD, EasleyKA, The clinical significance of a biopsy-based diagnosis of focal active colitis: a clinicopathologic study of 31 cases. Mod Pathol1998;11:789–794.
48.
OdzeR, AntonioliD, PeppercornM, GoldmanH.Effect of topical 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy on rectal mucosal morphology in chronic ulcerative colitis. Am J Surg Pathol1993;17:869–875.
49.
BernsteinCN, ShanahanF, AntonPA, WeinsteinWM. Patchiness of mucosal inflammation in treated ulcerative colitis: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc1995;42:232–237.
50.
LevineTS, TzardiM, MitchellS, Diagnostic difficulty arising from rectal recovery in ulcerative colitis. J Clin Pathol1996;49:319–323.
51.
KleerCG, AppelmanH.Ulcerative colitis: patterns of involvement in colorectal biopsies and changes with time. Am J Surg Pathol1998;22:983–989.
52.
KimB, BarnettJL, KleerCG, Endoscopic and histological patchiness in treated ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol1999;94:3258–3262.
53.
ScottIS, SheaffM, CoumbeA, Appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis. Histopathology1998;33:168–173.
54.
GoldblumJR, AppelmanHD. Appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis. Mod Pathol1992;5:607–610.
55.
DavisonAM, DixonMF. The appendix is a “skip lesion” in ulcerative colitis. Histopathology1990;16:93–95.
56.
KahnE, MarkowitzJ, DaumF.The appendix in inflammatory bowel disease in children. Mod Pathol1992;5:380–383.
57.
GroismanGM, GeorgeJ, HarpazN.Ulcerative appendicitis in universal and nonuniversal ulcerative colitis. Mod Pathol1994;7:322–325.
58.
KroftSH, StrykerSJ, RaoMS. Appendiceal involvement as a skip lesion in ulcerative colitis. Mod Pathol1994;7:912–914.
59.
PerryWB, OpelkaFG, SmithD, Discontinuous appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis: pathology and clinical correlation. Gastrointest Surg1999;3:141–144.
60.
YangSK, Appendiceal orifice inflammation as a skip lesion in ulcerative colitis: an analysis in relation to medical therapy and disease extent. Gastrointest Endosc1999;49:743–747.
61.
d'HaensG, GeboesK, PonetteE, Patchy cecal inflammation associated with distal ulcerative colitis: a prospective endoscopic study. Am J Gastroenterol1997;92:1275–1279.
62.
OkawaK, AokiT, SanoK, Ulcerative colitis with skip lesions at the mouth of the appendix: a clinical study. Am J Gastroenterol1998;93:2405–2410.
63.
MatsumotoT, NakamuraS, ShimizuM, IidaM.Significance of appendiceal involvement in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastrointest Endosc2002;55:180–185.
64.
HeuschenUA, HinzU, AllemeyerEH, Backwash ileitis is strongly associated with colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology2001;120:841–847.
65.
LaghiA, BorrelliP, PaolantonioP, Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the terminal ileum in children with Crohn's disease. Gut2003;52:393–397.
66.
OberhuberG, PuspokA, OesterreicherC, Focally enhanced gastritis: a frequent type of gastritis in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1997;112:698–706.
67.
WrightCL, RidellRH. Histology of the stomach and duodenum in Crohn's disease. Am J Surg Pathol1998;22:383–390.
68.
ParenteF, CucinoC, BollaniS, Focal gastric inflammatory infiltrates in inflammatory bowel diseases: prevalence, immunohistochemical characteristics, and diagnostic role. Am J Gastroenterol2000;95:705–711.
69.
KundhalPS, StormonMQ, ZachoM, Gastric antral biopsy in the differentiation of pediatric colitides. Am J Gastroenterol2003;98:557–561.
70.
RuuskaT, VaajalahtiP, ArajärviP, MäkiM.Prospective evaluation of upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1994;19:181–186.
71.
TobinJM, SinhaB, RamaniP, Upper gastrointestinal mucosal disease in pediatric Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis: a blinded, controlled study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2001;32:443–448.
72.
AbdullahBA, GuptaSK, CroffieJM, The role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the initial evaluation of childhood inflammatory bowel disease: a 7-year study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2002;35:636–640.
73.
RubensteinJ, SherifA, AppelmanH, CheyWD. Ulcerative colitis-associated enteritis: is ulcerative colitis always confined to the colon?J Clin Gastroenterol2004;38:46–51.
74.
PriceAP. Overlap in the spectrum of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease-“colitis indeterminate”. J Clin Pathol1978;31:567–577.
RutgeertsP, VermeireS.Serological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet2000;356:2117–2118.
79.
JoossensS, ReinischW, VermeireS, The value of serologic markers in indeterminate colitis: a prospective follow-up study. Gastroenterology2002;122:1242–1247.