A female sample (N = 349) was administered the Attitude Interest Schedule (AIS) and the Cesarec‐Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) at the ages of 15 and 25. It was found that during adolescence subjects change towards a more conservative feminine self‐image. Differential stability, based on the AIS scores, was substantial. Masculinity‐femininity appeared to be related to needs as measured by the CMPS. Masculinity was related positively to instrumental needs and negatively to expressive needs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BakanD. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence, Rand McNally, Chicago, IL.
2.
BemS. L. (1974). ‘The measurement of psychological androgyny’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2:155–162.
3.
BernardL. C. (1980). ‘Multivariate analysis of the new sex‐role formulations and personality’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38:323–336.
4.
BlockJ. (1971). Lives Through Time, Bancroft Books, Berkeley, CA.
5.
BlockJ. H. (1973). ‘Conceptions of sex‐role, some cross‐cultural and longitudinal perspectives’, American Psychologist, 28:512–526.
6.
CarlsonR. (1965). ‘Stability and change in adolescent's self‐image’, Child Development, 36:659–666.
7.
CaspiA.BemD. J. (1990). ‘ Personality continuity and change across the life course’. In: Pervin, L. A. (Ed), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research, pp.549–575, Guilford Press, New York.
8.
CesarecZ.MarkeS. (1968). Mäting ay Psykogena Behov med Frageformulärsteknik [Manual of the Cesarec‐Marke Personality Schedule; CMPS], Skandinaviska Testförlaget, Stockholm.
9.
ConleyJ. J. (1984). ‘The hierarchy of consistency: a review and model of longitudinal findings on adult individual differences in intelligence, personality, and self‐opinion’, Personality and Individual Differences, 5:11–26.
10.
ConstantinopleA. (1973). ‘Masculinity‐Femininity. An exception to the famous dictum?’, Psychological Bulletin, 80:389–407.
11.
GottfriesI.MarkeS. (1967). ‘Measurement of masculinity‐femininity’, Psychological Research Bulletin, VII: 4, Lund University, Sweden.
12.
GottfriesI.MarkeS. (1971). ‘ Dimensions of masculinity‐femininity related to other personality variables and some measures of school adjustment’, Psychological Research Bulletin, XI:17, Lund University, Sweden.
13.
HillJ. P. (1983). ‘Early adolescence: a research agenda’, Journal of Early Adolescence, 3:1–21.
14.
HolmlundU. (1990). ‘The experience of dysmenorrhea and its relationship to personality variables’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 82:182–187.
15.
HolmlundU. (1992). ‘Change and stability of needs from middle adolescence to young adulthood in Swedish females’, European Journal of Personality, 5,385–391.
16.
MajorB.CarnevaleP. J. D.DeauxK. (1981). ‘A different perspective on androgyny: evaluation on masculine and feminine personality characteristics’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41:988–1001.
17.
MurrayH. (1938). Explorations in Personality, Oxford University Press, New York.
18.
PerryD. G.BusseyK. (1979). ‘The social learning theory of sex differences: imitation is alive and well’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37:1699–1712.
19.
PerssonG. (1980). ‘Psychogenic needs in a 70‐year‐old urban population, norms for the CMPS, and sex and age relations’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62:464–475.
20.
SpenceJ. T. (1984). ‘ Masculinity‐femininity and gender‐related traits: a conceptual analysis and critique of current research’, In: Mahler, B. (Ed) Progress in Experimental Personality Research, Vol. 13, pp.1–97, Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
21.
SpenceJ. T.HelmreichR. L.StappJ. (1975). ‘The Personal Attributes Questionnaires: a measure of sex‐role stereotypes and masculinity‐femininity’, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 32:29–39.
22.
StrollerR. (1968). Sex and Gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity, Science House, New York.
23.
ThomasD. A.ReznikoffM. (1984). ‘Sex‐role orientation, personality structure, and adjustment in women’, Journal of Personality Assessment, 48:28–33.
24.
ThornburgH. O. (1983). ‘Is early adolescence really a stage of development?’, Theory into Practice, 112:71–84.
