The Cesarec–Marke Personality Schedule, a Swedish inventory for the measurement of needs, was administered to a sample of females, aged 15, and readministered 10 years later. Longitudinal analyses showed that most dispositions changed significantly, although the changes were rather small. All traits were moderately stable over the 10‐year period.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BacktemanG.MagnussonD. (1981). ‘Longitudinal stability of personality characteristics’, Journal of Personality, 49:148–160.
2.
BaltesP. B.ReeseH. W.NesselroadeJ. R. (1977). Life Span Developmental Psychology: Introduction to Research Methods, Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA.
3.
BechP.JörgensenB.JeppesenK.Loldrup PoulsenD.VangaardT. (1986). ‘Personality in depression: concordance between personality assessment and questionnaires’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 74:263–268.
4.
BechP.ShapiroR. W.SihmF.NielsenB.‐M.SörensenB.RafaelsenQ.‐J. (1980). ‘Personality in unipolar and bipolar manic‐melancholic patients’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62:245–257.
5.
BlockJ. (1971). Lives Through Time, Bancroft Books, Berkeley, CA.
6.
CarlsonR. (1965). ‘Stability and change in the adolescent's self‐image’, Child Development, 36:659–666.
7.
CaspiA.BemD. J. (1990). ‘ Personality continuity and change across the life course’, In: Pervin, L. A. (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research, pp.549–575, Guilford Press, New York.
8.
CesarecZ.MarkeS. (1968). Mätning av Psykogena Behov med Frageformulärsteknik [Manual for the Cesarec‐Marke Personality Schedule; CMPS], Skandinaviska Testförlaget, Stockholm, Sweden.
9.
ConleyJ. J. (1984a). ‘Longitudinal consistency of adult personality: self‐reported psychological characteristics across 45 years’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47:1325–1333.
10.
ConleyJ. J. (1984b). ‘The hierarchy of consistency: a review and model of longitudinal findings on adult individual differences in intelligence, personality, and self‐opinion’, Personality and Individual Differences, 5:11–26.
11.
CostaP. T.McCraeR. R. (1977). ‘Age differences in personality structure revisited: studies in validity, stability, and change’, International Journal of Ageing and Human Development, 8:261–275.
12.
CostaP. T.McCraeR. R.AhrenbergD. (1980). ‘Enduring dispositions in adult males’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38:793–800.
13.
EdwardsA. L. (1959). Manual for the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, (Revised edn), The Psychological Corporation, New York.
14.
EmmerichU. (1968). ‘Personality development and concepts of structure’, Child Development, 39:671–690.
15.
EysenckH. J. (1986). ‘ Models and paradigms in personality research’. In: Angleitner, A. , Furnham, A. and Van Heck, G. L. (Eds), Personality Psychology in Europe: Current Trends and Controversies, Vol. 2, pp.213–223, Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands.
16.
HillJ. P. (1983). ‘Early adolescence: a research agenda’, Journal of Early Adolescence, 3:1–21.
17.
JacobssonL.PerrisC.EspvallM. , (1975). 'Personality patterns in induced abortions', Umeå University Medical Dissertations, New Series No. 5, Umeå, Sweden.
18.
LevinsonD. J. (1977). ‘The mid‐life transition: a period in adult psychosocial development’, Psychiatry, 40:99–112.
19.
MathenyA. P.WilsonR. S.DolanA. B.KrantzJ. Z. (1981). ‘Behavioral contrasts in twinships: stability and patterns of differences in childhood’, Child Development, 52:579–588. Also:Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development (1982), pp.229–245.
20.
MossH. A.SusmanE. J. (1980). ‘ Longitudinal study of personality development’. In: Brim O. G. and Kagan, J. (Eds), Constancy and Change in Human Development, pp.530–595, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
21.
MurrayH. (1938). Explorations in Personality, Oxford University Press, New York.
22.
NilssonL.PerssonG. (1984). ‘Personality changes in aged. A Longitudinal study with the CMPS’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 69:182–189.
23.
PerssonG. (1980). ‘Psychogenic needs in a 70‐year old urban population’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62:464–475.
24.
SchaieK. W.ParhamI. A. (1976). ‘Stability of adult personality traits: fact or fable?’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34:146–158.
25.
SroufeL. A. (1979). ‘The coherence of individual development: early care, attachment, and subsequent developmental issues’, American Psychologist, 34:834–841.
26.
StrandmanE. (1978). ‘“Psychogenic needs” in patients with affective disorders’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 58:16–29.
27.
ThornburgH. D. (1983). ‘Is early adolescence really a stage of development?’, Theory into Practice, 122:79–84.
28.
TuddenhamR. D. (1959). ‘The constancy of personality ratings over two decades’, Genetic Psychology Monographs, 60:3–79.
29.
WoodruffD.BirrenJ. (1972). ‘Age changes and cohort differences in personality’, Developmental Psychology, 6:252–259.
