NidaAM, GoogeBJ, LewisAF, MayWL. Resident fatigue in otolaryngology residents: a web based survey. Am J Otolaryngol. 2016; 37(3):210-216. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2016.01.017, 27178510
2.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Optimizing Graduate Medical Trainee (Resident) Hours and Work Schedule to Improve Patient Safety; UlmerC, Miller WolmanD, JohnsMM, eds. Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2009.
3.
BolsterL, RourkeL. The effect of restricting residents’ duty hours on patient safety, resident well-being, and resident education: an updated systematic review. J Grad Med Educ. 2015; 7(3):349-363. doi:10.4300/JGME-D-14-00612.1, 26457139
4.
SturmL, DawsonD, VaughanR, . Effects of fatigue on surgeon performance and surgical outcomes: a systematic review. ANZ J Surg. 2011; 81(7-8):502-509. doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.2010.05642.x, 22295360
5.
SugdenC, AthanasiouT, DarziA. What are the effects of sleep deprivation and fatigue in surgical practice?. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012; 24(3):166-175. doi:10.1053/j.semtcvs.2012.06.005, 23200071
6.
AbtNB, RehDD, EiseleDW, FrancisHW, GourinCG. Does resident participation influence otolaryngology-head and neck surgery morbidity and mortality?. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126(10):2263-2269. doi:10.1002/lary.25973, 27010505
7.
BakerAB, OngAA, O’ConnellBP, SokohlAD, ClinkscalesWB, MeyerTA. Impact of resident involvement in outpatient otolaryngology procedures: an analysis of 17,647 cases. Laryngoscope. 2017; 127(9):2026-2032. doi:10.1002/lary.26645, 28543359
8.
MeierJC, RemenschneiderAK, GrayST, HolbrookEH, GliklichRE, MetsonR. The impact of surgical trainee participation on sinus surgery outcomes. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126(2):316-321. doi:10.1002/lary.25504, 26360316
9.
VieiraBL, HernandezDJ, QinC, SmithSS, KimJY, DutraJC. The impact of resident involvement on otolaryngology surgical outcomes. Laryngoscope. 2016; 126(3):602-607. doi:10.1002/lary.25046, 26526707
10.
BasaranK, MercanES, AygitAC. Effects of fatigue and sleep deprivation on microvascular anastomoses. J Craniofac Surg. 2015; 26(4):1342-1347. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000001719, 26080191
11.
TaffinderNJ, McManusIC, GulY, RussellRC, DarziA. Effect of sleep deprivation on surgeons’ dexterity on laparoscopy simulator. Lancet. 1998; 352(9135):1191. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)00034-8, 9777838
12.
TsafrirZ, KorianskiJ, AlmogB, ManyA, WieselO, LevinI. Effects of fatigue on residents’ performance in laparoscopy. J Am Coll Surg. 2015; 221(2):564-70.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.02.024, 26081177
13.
UchalM, TjugumJ, MartinsenE, QiuX, BergamaschiR. The impact of sleep deprivation on product quality and procedure effectiveness in a laparoscopic physical simulator: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Surg. 2005; 189(6):753-757. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.03.021, 15910732
14.
YamanyT, WolduSL, KoretsR, BadaniKK. Effect of postcall fatigue on surgical skills measured by a robotic simulator. J Endourol. 2015; 29(4):479-484. doi:10.1089/end.2014.0349, 25285896
15.
JakubowiczDM, PriceEM, GlassmanHJ, . Effects of a twenty-four hour call period on resident performance during simulated endoscopic sinus surgery in an accreditation council for graduate medical education-compliant training program. Laryngoscope. 2005; 115(1):143-146. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000150689.77764.ad, 15630383
16.
ReznickRK, FolseJR. Effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of surgical residents. Am J Surg. 1987; 154(5):520-525. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(87)90269-8, 3674301
17.
JohnsMW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991; 14(6):540-545. doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540, 1798888
18.
JohnsMW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1992; 15(4):376-381. doi:10.1093/sleep/15.4.376, 1519015
19.
ObeidAA, Al-QahtaniKH, AshrafM, AlghamdiFR, MarglaniO, AlherabiA. Development and testing for an operative competency assessment tool for nasal septoplasty surgery. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014; 28(4):e163-e167. doi:10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4051, 25197910
20.
ReznickR, RegehrG, MacRaeH, MartinJ, McCullochW. Testing technical skill via an innovative “bench station” examination. Am J Surg. 1997; 173(3):226-230. doi:10.1016/S0002-9610(97)89597-9, 9124632
21.
ThackerayEW, HalvorsenAJ, FicaloraRD, EngstlerGJ, McDonaldFS, OxentenkoAS. The effects of gender and age on evaluation of trainees and faculty in gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012; 107(11):1610-1614. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.139, 23160284
22.
PanW. Akaike’s information criterion in generalized estimating equations. Biometrics. 2001; 57(1):120-125. doi:10.1111/j.0006-341X.2001.00120.x, 11252586
23.
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing [computer program]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2017. https://www.R-project.org/. Accessed September 7, 2018.
24.
WoodrowSI, ParkJ, MurrayBJ, . Differences in the perceived impact of sleep deprivation among surgical and non-surgical residents. Med Educ. 2008; 42(5):459-467. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02963.x, 18412885
25.
ShahidA, ShenJ, ShapiroCM. Measurements of sleepiness and fatigue. J Psychosom Res. 2010; 69(1):81-89. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.001, 20630266