Transplanted Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of transplanting sculpted autogenous tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) with the hope that it will retain precise 3-dimensional morphologic features after transplantation. Transplanted TEC is described in terms of the gross morphologic and histologic characteristics in contrast to pretransplanted TEC.

Methods

Synthetic scaffolds of a polyglycolic acid and poly-L-lactic acid polymer, coated with chondrocytes derived from rabbit auricular cartilage in concentrations ranging from 2.7 × 10⁶/mL to 6 × 10⁷/mL, were incubated in vivo on the dorsum of a rabbit for 8 weeks and then retrieved. The resultant TEC specimens were then sculpted into defined shapes and transplanted into a different location in the same rabbit, where they were allowed to incubate for another 8 weeks. The specimens were then retrieved and compared with the TEC before transplantation according to size, weight, and histomorphometric analysis.

Results

Thirteen chondrocyte-laden templates were successfully engineered to develop TEC. In each case, they were sculpted and transplanted to a different site in the same rabbit. Eight weeks after transplantation, all sculpted TEC specimens lost their original 3-dimensional morphologic features and experienced a significant decrease in mass. Histologically, the staining intensity of both hemotoxylin-eosin and safranin O was dramatically reduced following transplantation. In addition, there was a reduction in chondrocyte viability. Two consistent histologic findings were a foreign-body reaction to the synthetic polymer and ongoing cellular activity directed toward the formation of bone.

Conclusions

Transplanting autogenous TEC does not allow the preservation of precise morphologic features that are needed for clinical implantation. The osteogenic progression and foreign-body reaction must also be controlled.