Facial Reanimation

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Murakami S , Mizobuchi M , Nakashiro Y , Doi T , Hato N , Yanagihara N . Bell's palsy and herpes simplex virus: identification of viral DNA in endoneurial fluid and muscle.. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124(1, pt 1):27–30 7503474

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Sugita T , Murakami S , Yanagihara N , Fujiwara Y , Hirata Y , Kurata T . Facial nerve paralysis induced by herpes simplex virus in mice: an animal model of acute and transient facial paralysis.. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995; 104(7):574–581 7598372

Fisch U , Esslen E . Total intratemporal exposure of the facial nerve.. Arch Otolaryngol. 1972; 95(4):335–341 5018255

May M , Hawkins CD . Bell's palsy: results of surgery; salivation test versus nerve excitability test as a basis of treatment.. Laryngoscope. 1972; 82(7):1337–1348 5078650

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Sullivan FM , Swan IR , Donnan PT , et al.. Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell's palsy.. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357(16):1598–1607 17942873

Hato N , Yamada H , Kohno H , et al.. Valacyclovir and prednisolone treatment for Bell's palsy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study.. Otol Neurotol. 2007; 28(3):408–413 17414047

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Hadlock TA , Greenfield LJ , Wernick-Robinson M , Cheney ML . Multimodality approach to management of the paralyzed face.. Laryngoscope. 2006; 116(8):1385–1389 16885741

Constantino PD , Hiltzik DH , Moche J , Preminger A . Minimally invasive brow suspension for facial paralysis.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2003; 5(2):171–174 12633208

Ducic Y , Adelson R . Use of endoscopic forehead lift to improve brow position in persistent facial paralysis.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2005; 7(1):51–54 15655175

Boehmler JH , Judson BL , Davison SP . Reconstructive application of the endotine suspension devices.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2007; 9(5):328–332 17875825

Alam D . Rehabilitation of long-standing facial nerve paralysis with percutaneous suture-based slings.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2007; 9(3):205–209 17515497

Alex JC , Nguyen DB . Multivectored suture suspension: a minimally invasive technique for reanimation of the paralyzed face.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2004; 6(3):197–201 15148131

Winslow CP , Wang TD , Wax MK . Static reanimation of the paralyzed face with acellular dermal allograft sling.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2001; 3(1):55–57 11176721

Shumrick KA , Pensak ML . Early perioperative use of polytef suspension for the management of facial paralysis after extirpative skull base surgery.. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000; 2(4):243–248 11074717

Townsend D . Rehabilitation of the paralyzed eye.. In: Cheney M, ed. Facial Surgery: Plastic and Reconstructive. Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins; 1997:685-694

Schrom T , Wernecke K , Thelen A , Knipping S . Results after lidloading with rigid gold weights: a meta-analysis [in German].. Laryngorhinootologie. 2007; 86(2):117–123 17219331

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Harii K , Ohmori K , Torii S . Free gracilis muscle transplantation, with microneurovascular anastomoses for the treatment of facial paralysis: a preliminary report.. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976; 57(2):133–143 1250883

Bae YC , Zuker RM , Manktelow RT , Wade S . A comparison of commissure excursion following gracilis muscle transplantation for facial paralysis using a cross-face nerve graft versus the motor nerve to the masseter nerve.. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 117(7):2407–2413 16772949

Manktelow RT , Tomat LR , Zuker RM , Chang M . Smile reconstruction in adults with free muscle transfer innervated by the masseter motor nerve: effectiveness and cerebral adaptation.. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 118(4):885–899 16980848

Shindo ML , Costantino PD , Nalbone VP , Rice DH , Sinha UK . Use of a mechanical microvascular anastomotic device in head and neck free tissue transfer.. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996; 122(5):529–532 8615971

de Bruijn HP , Marck KW . Coupling the venous anastomosis: safe and simple.. Microsurgery. 1996; 17(7):414–416 9379891

van Ouwerkerk WJ . Endoscopy-assisted sural nerve harvest in infants.. Childs Nerv Syst. 1999; 15(4):192–195 10361970

Chang DW . Minimal incision technique for sural nerve graft harvest: experience with 61 patients.. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2002; 18(8):671–676 12524585

Krishnan K . Harvesting of the sural nerve using a stripper.. Neurosurgery. 2007; 60(1):E208 17228243

Park S , Cheshier S , Michaels D , Murovic J , Kim D . Endoscopic harvesting of the sural nerve graft: technical note.. Neurosurgery. 2006; 58(1)(suppl):ONS-E180 16462616

Hadlock TA , Cheney M . Single incision endoscopic sural nerve harvest for cross face nerve grafting.. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2008; 24(7):519–523 18798144

Frey M , Giovanoli P , Gerber H , Slameczka M , Stüssi E . Three-dimensional video analysis of facial movements: a new method to assess the quantity and quality of the smile.. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999; 104(7):2032–2039 11149765

Weinberg SM , Naidoo S , Govier DP , Martin RA , Kane AA , Marazita MLJ . Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dMD imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry.. J Craniofac Surg. 2006; 17(3):477–483 16770184

Mehta RP , Zhang S , Hadlock TA . Novel 3-D video for quantification of facial movement.. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008; 138(4):468–472 18359356

Weber RV , Mackinnon SE . Bridging the neural gap.. Clin Plast Surg. 2005; 32(4):605–616 16139631

de Faria SD , Testa JR , Borin A , Toledo RN . Standardization of techniques used in facial nerve section and facial movement evaluation in rats.. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed). 2006; 72(3):341–347 17119769

Berenholz L , Segal S , Gilad VH , et al.. Agmatine treatment and vein graft reconstruction enhance recovery after experimental facial nerve injury.. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2005; 10(3):319–328 16221291

Guntinas-Lichius O , Streppel M , Angelov DN , Stennert E , Neiss WF . Effect of delayed facial-facial nerve suture on facial nerve regeneration: a horseradish peroxidase tracing study in the rat.. Acta Otolaryngol. 1997; 117(5):670–674 9349861

Hadlock T , Sundback C . Biologically inspired approaches to drug delivery for nerve regeneration.. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006; 6(11):1105–1111 17049009

Guntinas-Lichius O , Angelov DN , Tomov TL , Dramiga J , Neiss WF , Wewetzer K . Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells stimulates the collateral sprouting from axotomized adult rat facial motoneurons.. Exp Neurol. 2001; 172(1):70–80 11681841

Angelov DN , Guntinas-Lichius O , Wewetzer K , Neiss WF , Streppel M . Axonal branching and recovery of coordinated muscle activity after transection of the facial nerve in adult rats.. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2005; 180:1–130 16261803

Heaton J , Kowaleski J , Bermejo R , et al.. A System for Studying Facial Nerve Function in Rats Through Simultaneous Bilateral Monitoring of Eyelid and Whisker Movements.. San Diego, CA: Presented, Neuroscience Meetings; 2007

Livet J , Weissman TA , Kang H , et al.. Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system.. Nature. 2007; 450(7166):56–62 17972876

Feng G , Mellor RH , Bernstein M , et al.. Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP.. Neuron. 2000; 28(1):41–51 11086982