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Research article

First published 2007-4

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficits in Professional Pitchers Enrolled in an Internal Rotation Stretching Program

David Lintner, Magdiel Mayol, Obinna Uzodinma [...]

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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Research article

First published 2009-3

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficits in Baseball Players With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Insufficiency

Joshua S. Dines, Joshua B. Frank, Meredith Akerman [...]

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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Research article

First published 2021-12-10

Immediate effect of combining glenohumeral and scapulothoracic mobilization with stretching on improving shoulder internal rotation in overhead throwing athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit: A randomized clinical trial study

Fahimeh Kamali, Narjes Ghasempour, Nasrin Salehi Dehno

Physiotherapy Practice and Research

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Review article

First published 2020-10

Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Literature Addressing Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit: A Systematic Review

Jacob M. Kirsch, Neil K. Bakshi, Olufemi R. Ayeni [...]

HSS Journal®: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery

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Research article

First published 2014-4

Increase in Humeral Retrotorsion Accounts for Age-Related Increase in Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Youth and Adolescent Baseball Players

Elizabeth E. Hibberd, Sakiko Oyama, Joseph B. Myers

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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Research article

First published 2012-12

The Effect of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit Due to Posterior Capsular Contracture on Passive Glenohumeral Joint Motion

Jeffrey J. Gates, Akash Gupta, Michelle H. McGarry [...]

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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Research article

First published 2012-1

Stretching the Posterior Shoulder Structures in Subjects with Internal Rotation Deficit: Comparison of Two Stretching Techniques

Ann M. Cools, Fredrik R. Johansson, Barbara Cagnie [...]

Shoulder & Elbow

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Research article

First published 2015-6

Professional Pitchers With Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) Display Greater Humeral Retrotorsion Than Pitchers Without GIRD

Thomas J. Noonan, Ellen Shanley, Lane B. Bailey [...]

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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Research article

First published 2012-11

Return to High-Level Throwing After Combination Infraspinatus Repair,SLAP Repair,and Release of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit

Jonathan P. Van Kleunen, Scott A. Tucker, Larry D. Field [...]

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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Research article

First published 2011-2

Correlation of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Total Rotational Motion to Shoulder Injuries in Professional Baseball Pitchers

Kevin E. Wilk, Leonard C. Macrina, Glenn S. Fleisig [...]

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

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