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Retricted access

Research article

First published 2019

Choosing Estimands in Clinical Trials: Putting the ICH E9(R1) Into Practice

Bohdana Ratitch, James Bell, Craig Mallinckrodt [...]

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science

Retricted access

Case report

First published 2019

Aligning Estimators With Estimands in Clinical Trials: Putting the ICH E9(R1) Guidelines Into Practice

C. H. Mallinckrodt, J. Bell, G. Liu [...]

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science

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Brief report

First published 2019

Defining Efficacy Estimands in Clinical Trials: Examples Illustrating ICH E9(R1) Guidelines

Bohdana Ratitch, Niti Goel, Craig Mallinckrodt [...]

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science

Open access

Review article

First published 2026-4

Use of estimands in cluster randomised trials: A review

Dongquan Bi, Andrew Copas, Brennan C Kahan

Clinical Trials

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Research article

First published 2016-8

Seeking harmony: estimands and sensitivity analyses for confirmatory clinical trials

Devan V Mehrotra, Robert J Hemmings, Estelle Russek-Cohen [...]

Clinical Trials

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Research article

First published 2022-6

Incorporating estimands into clinical trial statistical analysis plans

Minhee Kang, Michelle A Kendall, Heather Ribaudo [...]

Clinical Trials

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Research article

First published 2025-6

Partial areas under the curve of the cumulative distribution function as a new composite estimand for randomized clinical trials

Masataka Taguri, Kenichi Hayashi

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

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Research article

First published 2026

Vaccine efficacy estimands and power considerations

Andrea Callegaro, Nathan W. Bean

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

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Research article

First published 2023-1

Sensitivity analyses in longitudinal clinical trials via distributional imputation

Siyi Liu, Shu Yang, Yilong Zhang [...]

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

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Research article

First published 2022-2

Contrasting approaches for addressing non-adherence in randomized controlled trials: An illustration from the REFLUX trial

Luke Keele, Richard Grieve

Clinical Trials

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