The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMDMC) therapy led an improvement in lung mechanics and histology in endotoxin-induced lung injury. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 each). In the acute lung injur;y (ALI) group, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was instilled intratracheally (40 μg, IT), and control (C) mice received saline (0.05 ml, IT). One hour after the administration of saline or LPS, BMDMC (2 × 10⁷ cells) was intravenously injected. At day 28, animals were anesthetized and lung mechanics [static elastance (E_st), resistive (ΔP₁), and viscoelastic (ΔP₂) pressures] and histology (light and electron microscopy) were analyzed. Immunogold electron microscopy was used to evaluate if multinucleate cells were type II epithelial cells. BMDMC therapy prevented endotoxin-induced lung inflammation, alveolar collapse, and interstitial edema. In addition, BMDMC administration led to epithelial and endothelial repair with multinucleated type II pneumocytes. These histological changes yielded a reduction in lung E_st, ΔP₁, and ΔP₂ compared to ALI. In the present experimental ALI model, the administration of BMDMC yielded a reduction in the inflammatory process and a repair of epithelium and endothelium, reducing the amount of alveolar collapse, thus leading to an improvement in lung mechanics.

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Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy Led to Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Repair,Improving Lung Mechanics in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury